Volcanology

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Volcanology Team – July 2019

The volcanology team is composed of 26 permanent researchers ( 9 professors and assistant professors, 8 physicist, 4 CNRS researchers, 3 IRD researchers, 1 INRAP researcher, 1 teacher), 2 emeritus, 2 post-doctorates and 12 PhD candidates.

The volcanology platform includes geophysical measurement equipment (DGPS, resistivity tomography, spontaneous polarization, electromagnetic soundings, ERT, GPR, seismic stations), instruments for the textural characterization of volcanic products (G3 morpho-granulometer, pycnometers and permeameters in the textural analysis laboratory),  the experimental volcanology laboratory, in house numerical modelling softwares and satellite and ground-based remote sensing tools (Doppler radars, DOAS, MultiGas, IR cameras, drones and image processing laboratory). It should be noted that some of these instruments are part of the OPGC’s observation services.

	Geophysics
	Textural analysis laboratory
	Laboratory of experimental volcanology
	Numerical modelling
	Remote sensing

Rang A :

1. Aubry T.J., Engwell S.L., Bonadonna C., Mastin L.G., Carazzo G., Van Eaton A.R., Jessop D., Grainger R.G., Scollo S., Taylor I.A., Jellinek A.M., Schmidt A., Biass S., Gouhier M. (2023). New Insights Into the Relationship Between Mass Eruption Rate and Volcanic Column Height Based On the IVESPA Data Set. Geophysical Research Letters vol.50, - DOI:10.1029/2022GL102633 - .
2. Bablon M., Nauret F., Saillard M., Samaniego P., Vlastélic I., Hidalgo S., Le Pennec J.L., Ratzov G., Michaud F., Mothes P., Liorzou C., Gannoun A.M. (2023). An innovative isotopic method to identify the volcanic source of distal tephra. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.619, p.118283, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118283 - .
3. Brand B.D., Pollock N., Vallance J.W., Esposti Ongaro T., Roche O., Trolese M., Giordano G., Marshall A.A., Criswell C.W. (2023). Advances in our understanding of pyroclastic current behavior from the 1980 eruption sequence of Mount St. Helens volcano (Washington), USA. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.85, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01617-w.
4. Charbonnier S.J., Kelfoun K., Widiwijayanti C., Sri Sayudi D., Putra R. (2023). Assessing the Pyroclastic Density 16 : Current Hazards at Merapi: From Field Data to Numerical Simulations and Hazard Maps. Merapi Volcano, Active Volcanoes of the World. R. Gertisser et al. (eds.), - DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-15040-1_16.
5. Chevrel O., Harris A. (2023). Monitoring Lava Flows. Modern Volcano Monitoring edited by: Zack Spica and Corentin Caudron ; Book series Advances in Volcanology, - .
6. Chevrel O., Latchimy T., Batier L., Delpoux R., Harris M., Kolzenburg S. (2023). A new portable field rotational viscometer for high-temperature melts. Review of Scientific Instruments vol.94, p.105116, - DOI:10.1063/5.0160247.
7. Chevrel O., Latchimy T., Batier L., Delpoux R., Harris M., Kolzenburg S. (2023). A new portable field rotational viscometer for high-temperature melts. Review of Scientific Instruments vol.94, p.105116, - DOI:10.1063/5.0160247.
8. Chevrel O., Villeneuve N., Grandin R., Froger J.L., Coppola D., Massimetti F., Campus A., Hrysiewicz A., Peltier A. (2023). Report : lava flow daily monitoring of the 19 September–05 October 2022 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise. Volcanica - DOI:10.30909/vol.06.02.391404.
9. Daigle H., Duarte J.C., Fagereng A., Paris R., Persaud P., Gómez-García A.M. (2023). MagellanPlus Workshop: mission-specific platform approaches to assessing natural hazards that impact society. A définir vol.32, p.101-111, - DOI:10.5194/sd-32-101-2023.
10. Eldursi K., Scholtes L., Conin M., Golfier F., Ledru P., Mercadier J., Collon P., Chemillac R. (2023). 3-D hydromechanical simulation of intersecting faults: Influences on fluid circulation and formation of oriented-orebodies. Journal of Structural Geology vol.171, p.104864, - DOI:10.1016/j.jsg.2023.104864.
11. Flynn I.T.W, Chevrel O., Crown D.A., Ramsey M.S. (2023). The effects of digital elevation model resolution on the PyFLOWGO thermorheological lava flow model. Environmental Modelling & Software - DOI:10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105768 - .
12. Flynn I.T.W., Chevrel O., Ramsey M.S. (2023). Adaptation of a Thermorheological Lava Flow Model for Venus Conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets vol.128, - DOI:10.1029/2022JE007710 - .
13. Galas A., Lewinska P., Aguilar R., Nowak L. (2023). Remote sensing data applied to the reconstruction of volcanic activity in the Valley of the Volcanoes, Central Volcanic Zone, Peru. Journal of Geodynamics vol.156, p.101972, - DOI:10.1016/j.jog.2023.101972.
14. Giannoulis M., Harris A., Barra V. (2023). DITAN: A deep-learning domain agnostic framework for detection and interpretation of temporally-based multivariate Anomalies. A définir vol.143, p.109814, - DOI:10.1016/j.patcog.2023.109814.
15. Guéhenneux Y., Charbonnier S., Roche O. (2023). PyroCLAST: a new experimental framework to investigate overspilling of channelized, concentrated pyroclastic currents. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.85, 5, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01623-y - .
16. Habakaramo Macumu P., Boudoire G., Calabrese S., Rufino F., Coyte R.M., Tedesco D. (2023). Impacts of volcanic hazards on rural communities and adaptative strategies: A case study of the Virunga Volcanic Province (Democratic Republic of Congo). International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction vol.86, p.103566, - DOI:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103566 - .
17. Hamon C., Pereira G., Chevrel O., Aubry L., Siebe C., Quesada O., Reyes-Guzmán N. (2023). Present Use and Production of Metates and Molcajetes in Turícuaro (Michoacán, Mexico): Deciphering the Evolution of Food Preparation Practices. Ethnoarchaeology - DOI:10.1080/19442890.2023.2280379.
18. Harris A., Latutrie B., Van Wyk De Vries B., Saubin E., Foucher M., Gurioli L., Zanella E., Médard E., Nauret F. (2023). Emplacement of monogenetic lava flows on eroded terrain, Part II: The case of the Arti`ere valley (Grave Noire, France). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.438, p.107812, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107812.
19. Heap M.J., Wadsworth F.B., Jessop D. (2023). The thermal conductivity of unlithified granular volcanic materials: The influence of hydrothermal alteration and degree of water saturation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.435, p.107775, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107775.
20. Inostroza M., Moune S., Moretti R., Burckel P., Chilin-Eusebe E., Dessert C., Robert C., Gorge C. (2023). Major and trace element emission rates in hydrothermal plumes in a tropical environment. The case of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano. Chemical Geology vol.632, p.121552, - DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121552.
21. Jiao L., Tapponnier P., Donzé F.V., Scholtes L., Gaudemer Y., Xu X. (2023). Discrete Element Modeling of Southeast Asia's 3D Lithospheric Deformation During the Indian Collision. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth vol.128, - DOI:10.1029/2022JB025578.
22. Latutrie B., Harris A., Van Wyk De Vries B., Gurioli L., Médard E. (2023). Emplacement of lava flows on eroded terrain, part I: The case of the Tiretaine valley (Chaîne des Puys, France). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.438, p.107808, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107808.
23. Merle O., Aumar C., Labazuy P., Merciecca C., Buvat S. (2023). Structuration tertiaire et quaternaire du Plateau des Dômes (Chaîne des Puys, Massif central, France)Tertiary and Quaternary structural evolution of the Plateau des Dômes (Chaîne des Puys, Massif central, France). Géologie de la France vol.1, p.1-22.
24. Merle O., Boivin P., Langlois E., de Larouzière F.-D., Michelin Y., Olive. C. (2023). Review - The UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Chaîne des Puys–Limagne Fault Tectonic Arena (Auvergne, France). Geosciences vol.13, p.198, - DOI:10.3390/geosciences13070198 - .
25. Metcalfe A, Moune S., Komorowski J.C., Robertson R., Christopher T.E., Joseph E.P., Moretti R. (2023). Earth-Science Reviews Diverse Magma Storage and Major and Volatile Magma Composition: What are the implications on the Eruptive Style Across a Volcanic Arc? An Example of the Lesser Antilles Arc. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.241, p.104440, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104440.
26. Metcalfe A., Moune S., Komorowski J.C., Robertson R., Christopher T.E., Joseph E.P., Moretti R. (2023). Diverse magma storage and major and volatile magma composition: What are the implications on the eruptive style across a volcanic arc? An example of the Lesser Antilles Arc. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.241, p.104440, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104440.
27. Metcalfe A., Moune S., Moretti R., Komorowski J.C., Aubry T.J. (2023). Volatile emissions from past eruptions at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles): insights into degassing processes and atmospheric impacts. Frontiers in Earth Science vol.11, p.1143325, - DOI:10.3389/feart.2023.1143325.
28. Michaud-Dubuy A., Carazzo G., Balcone-Boissard H., Boudon G., Kaminski E. (2023). Unsuspected explosive activity of Montagne Pelée (Lesser Antilles) during the 25–10 ka period. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.107873, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107873 - .
29. Mostafa A., Scholtes L., Golfier F. (2023). Pore-scale hydro-mechanical modeling of gas transport in coal matrix. Fuel vol.345, p.128165, - DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128165.
30. Paris R., Pelletier B., Roger J., Wassmer P., Sabatier P. (2023). Sedimentary evidence of tsunamis in New Caledonia, southwest Pacific. Marine Geology vol.463, p.107116, - DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2023.107116.
31. Penlou B., Roche O., Manga M., Van den Wildenberg S. (2023). Experimental Measurement of Enhanced and Hindered Particle Settling in Turbulent Gas-Particle Suspensions, and Geophysical Implications. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth vol.128, p.e2022JB025809, - DOI:10.1029/2022JB025809 - .
32. Polo-Sánchez A., Flaherty T., Hervé G., Druitt T., Fabbro G., Nomikou P., Balcone-Boissard H. (2023). Tracking timescales of magma reservoir recharge through caldera cycles at Santorini (Greece). Emphasis on an explosive eruption of Kameni Volcano. Frontiers in Earth Science vol.11, - DOI:1I 10.3389/feart.2023.1128083 - .
33. RAVE BONILA Y., Jessop D., Moune S., Garbin C., Moretti R. (2023). Numerical modelling of the volcanic plume dispersion from the hydrothermal system of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe. Volcanica vol.6, p.459-477, 2, - DOI:10.30909/vol.06.02.459477 - .
34. Reyes-Guzmán N., Siebe C., Chevrel O., Pereira G., Mahgoub A.N., Böhnel H. (2023). Holocene volcanic eruptions of the Malpaís de Zacapu and its pre-Hispanic settlement history. Ancient Mesoamerica - DOI:10.1017/S095653612100050X.
35. Rizza U., Donnadieu F., Morichett M., Avolio E., Castorina G., Semprebello A., Magazu S., Passerin G., Mancinelli E., Biensan C. (2023). Airspace Contamination by Volcanic Ash from Sequences of Etna Paroxysms: Coupling the WRF-Chem Dispersion Model with Near-Source L-Band Radar Observations. Remote Sensing vol.15, p.376, - DOI:10.3390/rs15153760 - .
36. Sampietro D., Capponi M., Thebault E., Gailler L. (2023). Author Correction: An enhanced view on the Mediterranean Sea crust from potential fields data. Scientific Reports vol.13, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-37289-5.
37. Santamarí S., Quidelleur X., Samaniego P., Qaudin L., Le Pennec J.L., Hidalgo S., Liorzou C., Guillou H. (2023). Timing of Quaternary volcanism and its relationship with tectonics in the central segment of the Ecuadorian Andes. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth vol.442, p.107895, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107895.
38. Sepulveda J.P., Cioni R., Aravena A. (2023). Morphology-based characterization of intermediate to silicic lava flows: Application to the Central Andean Volcanic Zone. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.241, p.104433, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104433.
39. Thivet S., Hess K.U., Dingwell D.B., Berthod C., Gurioli L., Di Muro A., Lacombe T., Komorowski J.C. (2023). Volatiles of the active Mayotte volcanic chain: STA & EGA-MS analysis of volcanic products. Chemical Geology vol.618, p.121297, - DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121297.
40. Thouret J.C., Aisyah N., Jenkins S.F., de Bélizal E., Sulistiyani, Charbonnier S.J., Sri Sayudi D., Nandaka I.G.M.A., Mainsant G., Solikhin A. (2023). Merapi’s Lahars: Characteristics, 17 :Behaviour, Monitoring, Impact, Hazard Modelling and Risk Assessment. Merapi Volcano, Active Volcanoes of the World. R. Gertisser et al. (eds.), Springer, - DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-15040-1_17.
41. Thouret J.C., Taillandier M., Arapa E., Wavelet E. (2023). Vulnerable settlements to debris flows in Arequipa, Peru: population characteristics, hazard knowledge, risk perception, and disaster risk management. Natural Hazards - DOI:10.1007/s11069-023-06167-8.
42. Thouret J.C., Taillandier M., wavelet E., Azzaoui N., Santoni O., Tjahjono B. (2023). Semeru volcano, Indonesia: measuring hazard, exposure and response of densely populated neighbourhoods facing persistent volcanic threats. Natural Hazards 10.1007/s11069-023-05910-5, - DOI:10.1007/s11069-023-05910-5.
43. Verdurme P., Le Losq C., Chevrel O., Pannefieu S., Médard E., Berthod C., Komorowski J.C., Bachèlery P., Neuville D.R., Gurioli L. (2023). Viscosity of crystal-free silicate melts from the active submarine volcanic chain of Mayotte. Chemical Geology vol.620, - DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121326 - .
44. Şen E., Aydar E., Şen P., Gourgaud A. (2023). Insight into a rift volcanism with the petrogenesis of ultramafic enclaves and the host basalts: Kula Volcanic Field, Western Anatolia, Turkey. Italian Journal of Geosciences vol.142, p.291-315, 2, - DOI:10.3301/IJG.2023.16.
45. Aravena A., Bevilacqua A., de’ Michieli Vitturi M., Esposti Ongaro T., Neri A., Cioni R. (2022). Calibration strategies of PDC kinetic energy models and their application to the construction of hazard maps. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, 29, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01538-8 - .
46. Aravena A., Roche O. (2022). Influence of the topography of stratovolcanoes on the propagation and channelization of1 dense pyroclastic density currents analyzed through numerical simulations. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, 7, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01576-2 - .
47. Arghavani S., Arghavani C., Banson S., Lupascu A., Gouhier M., Sellegri K., Planche C. (2022). The Effect of Using a New Parameterization of Nucleation in the WRF-Chem Model on New Particle Formation in a Passive Volcanic Plum. Atmosphere vol.13, p.15, - DOI:10.3390/atmos13010015.
48. Aumar C., Merle O., Bosse V., Monié P. (2022). Syn-rift Cretaceous deformation in the Agly Variscan Massif (Eastern Pyrenees, France). BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin vol.193, 6, - DOI:10.1051/bsgf/2022006.
49. Bablon M., Ratzov G., Nauret F., Samaniego P., Michaud F., Saillard M., Proust J.N., Le Pennec J.L., Collot J.Y., Devidal J.L., Orange F., Liorzou C., Migeon S., Vallejo S., Hidalgo S., Mothes P., Gonzalez M. (2022). Holocene marine tephra offshore Ecuador and Southern Colombia: First trench‐to‐arc correlations and implication for magnitude of major eruptions. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems vol.23, p.e2022GC010466, 9, - DOI:10.1029/2022GC010466 - .
50. Bani P., Oppenheimer C., Tsanev V., Scaillet B., Primulyana S., Boyson Saing U., Alfianti H., Marlia M. (2022). Modest volcanic SO 2 emissions from the Indonesian archipelago. Nature Communications vol.13, p.3366, - DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-31043-7.
51. Bennett G., Van Reybroucka J., Shemsanga C., Kisaka M., Tomasek I., Fontijn K., Kervyn M., WalraevensK. (2022). Identification of low fluoride areas using conceptual groundwater flow model and 1 hydrogeochemical system analysis in the aquifer system on the flanks of an active 2 volcano: Mount Meru, Northern Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment - DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152682 - .
52. Bernard K., Van Wyk De Vries B., Samaniego P., Valderrama P., Marino J. (2022). Collisional interactions and the transition between lava dome sector collapse and pyroclastic density currents at Tutupaca volcano (Southern Peru). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.431, p.107668, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107668.
53. Bevilacqua A., Aravena A., Aspinall W., Costa A., Mahony S., Neri A., Sparks S., Hill B. (2022). Assessing minimum pyroclastic density current mass to impact critical infrastructures: example from Aso caldera (Japan). Natural Hazard and Earth System Sciences vol.22, p.3329-3348, - DOI:10.5194/nhess-22-3329-2022 - .
54. Bodart O., Cayol V., Dabaghi F., Koko J. (2022). An inverse problem in an elastic domain with a crack : a fictitious domain approach. Computational Geosciences - DOI:10.1007/s10596-021-10121-7 - .
55. Cayol V., Peltier A., Froger J.L., Beauducel F. (2022). Monitoring of Volcano deformation. p.95-153, Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity, Volume 2, Sismology, deformation and remote sensing, ISTE Science Publishing LTD.
56. Cayol V., Peltier A., Froger J.L., Beauducel F. (2022). Surveillance de la déformation des volcans. p.103-176, Aléas et surveillance de l’activité volcanique, Volume 2, Sismologie, deformation and télédétection, ISTE Science Publishing LTD.
57. Constantinescu R., White J.T., Connor C.B., Hopulele-Gligo A., Charbonnier S., Thouret J.C., Lindsay J.M., Bertin D. (2022). Uncertainty Quantification of Eruption Source Parameters Estimated From Tephra Fall Deposits. Geophysical Research Letters vol.49, p.e2021GL097425, - DOI:10.1029/2021GL097425.
58. Donnadieu F., Jessop D., Bani P., Moune S. (2022). Volcano Remote Sensing with Ground-based Techniques. p.211-289, Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity 2 - Seismology, Deformation and Remote Sensing, Lénat Jean-François (ed.), ISTE/WILEY.
59. Doronzo D.M., Di Vito M.A., Arienzo I., Bini M., Galusi B., Cerminara M., Corradini S., de Vita S., Giaccio B., Gurioli L., Mannella G., Ricciardi G.P., Rucco I., Sparice D., Todesco M., Trasatti E., Zanchetta G. (2022). The 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius: A lesson from the past and the need of a multidisciplinary approach for developments in volcanology. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.231, p.104072, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104072.
60. Dumont Q., Cayol V., Froger J.L., Peltier A. (2022). 22 years of satellite imagery reveal a major destabilization structure at Piton de la Fournaise. Nature Communications vol.13, p.2649, - DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-30109-w - .
61. Eychenne J., Engwell S. (2022). The grainsize of volcanic fall deposits: Spatial trends and physical controls. GSA Bulletin - DOI:10.1130/B36275.1 - .
62. Eychenne J., Gurioli L., Damby D., Belville C., Schiavi F., Marceau G., Szczepaniaks C., Blavignacs C., Laumonier M., Gardes E., Le Pennec J.L., Nedelec J.-M., Blanchon L., Sapin V. (2022). Spatial distribution and physicochemical properties of respirable volcanic ash from the 16-17 August 2006 Tungurahua eruption (Ecuador), and alveolar epithelium response in-vitro. GeoHealth - DOI:10.1029/2022GH000680 - .
63. Feignon J., Cluzel N., Schiavi F., Moune S., Roche O., Clavero J., Schiano P., Auxerre M. (2022). High CO2 content in magmas of the explosive andesitic Enco eruption of Mocho‑Choshuenco volcano (Chile). Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, p.40, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01550-y - .
64. Flaherty T., Druitt T., Francalanci L., Schiano P., Sigmarsson O. (2022). Temporal variations in the diversity of primitive melts supplied to the Santorini silicic magmatic system and links to lithospheric stresses. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology vol.177, p.79, 9, - DOI:10.1007/s00410-022-01941-6.
65. Freret-Lorgeril V., Bonadonna C., Corradini S., Guerrieri L., Lemus J., Donnadieu F., Scollo S., Gurioli L., Rossi E. (2022). Tephra characterization and multi-disciplinary determination of Eruptive Source Parameters of a weak paroxysm at Mount Etna (Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.421, p.107431, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107431 - .
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67. Gailler L., Lénat J.F., Donnadieu F. (2022). Gravity Monitoring of Volcanoes. vol.Chap 4, p.217-239, Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity 3 - Gravimetric, Electric and Magnetic Fluids, Products and Methods, Lénat Jean-François (ed.), ISTE/WILEY.
68. Gailler L., Lénat J.F., Labazuy P. (2022). Electrical and Electromagnetic Monitoring of Volcanoes. vol.Chap 5, p.245-262, Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity 3 - Gravimetric, Electric and Magnetic Fluids, Products and Methods, Lénat Jean-François (ed.), ISTE/WILEY.
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70. Gurioli L., Tadini A., Thivet S., Médard E., Berthod C., Vlastélic I. (2022). Monitoring of Eruptive Products: Deposits Associated with Pyroclastic Fallout. vol.Chap 2, Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity 3 - Gravimetric, Electric and Magnetic Fluids, Products and Methods, Lénat Jean-François (ed.), ISTE/WILEY.
71. Heap M.J., Jessop D., Wadsworth F.B., Rosas-Carbajal M., Komorowski J.C., Gilg H.A., Aron N., Buscetti M., Gential L., Goupil M., Masson M., Hervieu L., Kushnir A.R.L., Baud P., Carbillet L., Ryan A.G., Moretti R. (2022). The thermal properties of hydrothermally altered andesites from La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Eastern Caribbean). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.421, p.107444, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107444.
72. Hidalgo S., Vasconez F., Battaglia J., Bernard J., Espín P., Valade S., Naranjo M.F., Campion R., Salgado J., Córdova M., Almeida M., Hernández S., Pino G., Gaun t E., Bell A., Mothes P., Ruiz M. (2022). Sangay volcano (Ecuador): the opening of two new vents, a drumbeat seismic sequence and a new lava flow in late 2021. Volcanica vol.5, p.295-311, 2, - DOI:10.30909/vol.05.02.295311.
73. Ijumulana J., Ligate F., Irunde R., Bhattacharya P., Ahmad A., Tomasek I., Maity J.P., Mtalo F. (2022). Spatial variability of the sources and distribution of fluoride in groundwater of the Sanya alluvial plain aquifers in northern Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment vol.810, p.152153, - DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152153.
74. Jiao L., Chan C.H., Scholtes L., Hubert-Ferrari A., Donzé F.V., Tapponnier P. (2022). Discrete Element Modeling of a Subduction Zone with a Seafloor Irregularity and its Impact on the Seismic Cycle. Acta Geologica Sinica vol.2, p.776–790, 3.
75. Kelfoun K., Gueugneau V. (2022). A unifying model for pyroclastic surge genesis and pyroclastic flow fluidization. Geophysical Research Letters - DOI:10.1029/2021GL096517 - .
76. Kolzenburg S., Chevrel O., Dingwell D. (2022). Magma / Suspension Rheology. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry vol.87, p.639-720, 1, - DOI:10.2138/rmg.2022.87.14 - .
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221. Paris R. (2020). X-ray tomography applied to tsunami deposits. In: Engel, M., Pilarczyk, J., May, S.M., Brill, D., Garrett, E. (Eds.), Geological records of tsunamis and other extreme waves, Elsevier (ed.).
222. Paris R., Falvard S., Chagué C., Goff J., Etienne S., Doumalin P. (2020). Sedimentary fabric characterized by X‐ray tomography: A case‐study from tsunami deposits on the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. Sedimentology vol.67, p.1207-1229, - DOI:10.1111/sed.12582 - .
223. Paris R., Goto K., Goff J., Yanagisawa H. (2020). Advances in the study of mega-tsunamis in the geological record. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.210, p.103381, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103381 - .
224. Prival J.M., Thouret J.C., Japura S., Gurioli L., Bonadonna C., Mariño J., Cueva K. (2020). New insights into eruption source parameters of the 1600 CEHuaynaputina Plinian eruption, Peru. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.82, 7, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1340-7 - .
225. Rivera M., Samaniego P., Vela J., Le Pennec J.L., Guillou H., Paquette J.L., Liorzou C. (2020). The eruptive chronology of the Yucamane-Calientes compound volcano: A potentially active edifice of the Central Andes (southern Peru). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.393, p.106787, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106787 - .
226. Sainlot N., Vlastélic I., Moune S., Rose-Koga E., Schiavi F., Valade S., Aguilera F. (2020). Uptake of gaseous thallium, tellurium, vanadium and molybdenum into anhydrous alum, Lascar volcano fumaroles, Chile. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta vol.275, p.64-82, - DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2020.02.009 - .
227. Sainlot N., Vlastélic I., Nauret F., Moune S., Aguilera F. (2020). Sr–Pb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust. Journal of South American Earth Sciences vol.101, p.102599, - DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102599 - .
228. Sigmarsson O., Moune S., Gauthier P.J. (2020). Fractional degassing of S, Cl and F from basalt magma in the Bárðarbunga rift zone, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.82, p.54, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-020-01391-7 - .
229. Simon F.-X., Pareilh-Peyrou M., Buvat S., Mayoral A., Labazuy P., Kelfoun K., Tabbagh A. (2020). Quantifying multiple electromagnetic properties in EMI surveys: A case study of hydromorphic soils in a volcanic context – The Lac du Puy (France). A définir vol.361, p.114084, - DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114084 - .
230. Tadini A., Roche O., Samaniego P., Guillin A., Azzaoui N., Gouhier M., de’ Michieli Vitturi M., Pardini F., Eychenne J., Bernard B., Hidalgo S., Le Pennec J.L. (2020). Quantifying the uncertainty of a coupled plume and tephra dispersal model: PLUME-MOM/HYSPLIT simulations applied to Andean volcanoes. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth - DOI:10.1029/2019JB018390 - .
231. Thivet S., Gurioli L., Di Muro A. (2020). Basaltic dyke eruptions at Piton de La Fournaise: characterization of the eruptive products with implications for reservoir conditions, conduit processes and eruptive dynamics. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology vol.175, p.26, - DOI:10.1007/s00410-020-1664-5 - .
232. Thivet S., Gurioli L., Di Muro A., Derrien A., Ferrazzini V., Gouhier M., Coppola D., Galle B., Arellano S. (2020). Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing MagmaFragmentation During the September 2016 basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems - DOI:10.1029/2019GC008611 - .
233. Thivet S., Gurioli L., Di Muro A., Eychenne J., Besson P., Nedelec J.M. (2020). Variability of ash deposits at Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island): insights into fragmentation processes at basaltic shield volcanoes. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.82, 63, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-020-01398-0 - .
234. Thouret J.C., Antoinr S., Magill C., Ollier C. (2020). Lahars and debris flows: Characteristics and impacts. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.201, p.103003, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103003.
235. Van den Wildenberg S., Jia X., Roche O. (2020). Acoustic probing of the particle concentration in turbulent granular suspensions in air. Nature Scientific Reports vol.10, p.16544, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-73427-z - .
236. Venugopal S., Moune S., Williams-Jones G., Druitt T., Vigouroux N., Wilson A., Russel J.K. (2020). Two distinct mantle sources beneath the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt: Insight from olivine-hosted melt inclusions. Chemical Geology vol.532, p.119346, - DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119346.
237. Venugopal S., Schiavi F., Moune S., Bolfan-Casanova N., Druitt T., Williams-Jones G. (2020). Melt inclusion vapour bubbles: the hidden reservoir for major and volatile elements. Scientific Reports vol.10, p.9034, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-65226-3 - .
238. Vereb V., Van Wyk De Vries B., Guilbaud M.N., Karatson D. (2020). The urban geoheritage of Clermont-Ferrand: from inventory to management. Quaestiones Geographicae vol.39, p.5-31, 3, - DOI:10.2478/quageo-2020-0020 - .
239. Vereb V., Van Wyk De Vries B., Hgao M., Karátson D. (2020). Geoheritage and Resilience of Dallol and the Northern Danakil Depression in Ethiopia. Geoheritage - DOI:10.1007/s12371-020-00499-8 - .
240. Bablon M., Quidelleur X., Samaniego P., Le Pennec J.L., Audin L., Jomard H., Blaize S., Liorzou C., Hidalgo S., Alvarado A. (2019). Interactions between volcanism and geodynamics in the southern termination of the Ecuadorian arc. Tectonophysics vol.751, p.54-72, - DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.12.010.
241. Barnoud A., Cayol V., Niess V., Cârloganu C., Lelièvre P., Labazuy P., Le Menedeu E. (2019). Bayesian joint muographic and gravimetric inversion applied to volcanoes. Geophysical Journal International vol.218, p.2179-2194, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggz300.
242. Battaglia J., Hidalgo S., Bernard B., Steel A., Arellano S., Acuna K. (2019). Autopsy of an eruptive phase of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) through coupling of seismo-acoustic and SO2 recordings with ash characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.511, p.223-232, 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.042 (ed.).
243. Bernard K., Van Wyk De Vries B., Thouret J.C. (2019). Fault textures in volcanic debris-avalanche deposits and transformations into lahars: The Pichu Pichu thrust lobes in south Peru compared to worldwide avalanche deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.371, p.116-136, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.008.
244. Breard E.C.P., Dufek J., Roche O. (2019). Continuum Modeling of Pressure‐Balanced and FluidizedGranular Flows in 2‐D: Comparison With Glass BeadExperiments and Implications for ConcentratedPyroclastic Density Currents. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth vol.124, p.5557-5583, - DOI:10.1029/2018JB016874 - .
245. Bromley G.R.M., Thouret J.C., Schimmelpfennig I., Mariño J., Valdivia D., Rademaker K., del Pilar Vivanco Lopez S., ASTER Team, Aumaître G., Bourlès D., Keddadouche K. (2019). In situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl and radiocarbon dating of volcanic deposits refine the Pleistocene and Holocene eruption chronology of SW Peru. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, 64, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1325-6.
246. Chevrel O., Harris A., Ajas A., Biren J., Gurioli L., Calabrò L. (2019). Investigating physical and thermal interactions between lava and trees: the case of Kīlauea’s July 1974 flow. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.6, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-018-1263-8.
247. Chevrel O., Pinkerton H., Harris A. (2019). Measuring the viscosity of lava in thefield: A review. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.196, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.024.
248. Costard F., Séjourné A., Lagain A., Ormö J., Rodriguez J.A.P., Clifford F., Bouley F., Kelfoun K., Lavigne F. (2019). The Lomonosov Crater Impact Event: A Possible Mega‐Tsunami Source on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets vol.124, p.1840-1851, 7, - DOI:10.1029/2019JE006008.
249. Cox R., Ardhuin F., Dias F., Autret R., Beisigel N., Earlie C.S., Herterich J.G., Kennedy A., Paris R., Raby A., Schmitt P., Weiss R. (2019). Systematic review shows that work done by storm waves can be misinterpreted as tsunami-related because commonly used hydrodynamic equations are flawed. Frontiers in Marine Science vol.7, 4.
250. Druitt T., McCoy F.W., Vougioukalakis E. (2019). The Late Bronze Age Eruption of Santorini Volcano and Its Impact on the Ancient Mediterranean World. Elements vol.15, p.185-190, - DOI:10.2138/gselements.15.3.185.
251. Druitt T., Pyle D.M., Mather T. A. (2019). Santorini Volcano and its Plumbing System. Elements vol.15, p.177-184, - DOI:10.2138/gselements.15.3.177.
252. Druitt T., Vougioukalakis G.E. (2019). South Aegean Volcanic Arc. Elements vol.15, p.74 p., 3.
253. Elahpour E., Nauret F., Médard E., Benbakkar M., Quéinnec G., Van Wyk De Vries B. (2019). The Petrogenesis and Geochemistry of Tabas Black Land volcanic field: implications for volcanic activity along the Nayband fault, East Iran. Volcanica vol.2, p.105-127, 2, - DOI:10.30909/vol.02.02.105127.
254. Freret-Lorgeril V., Donnadieu F., Eychenne J., Soriaux C., Latchimy T. (2019). In situ terminal settling velocity measurements at Stromboli volcano: Input from physical characterization of ash. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.374, p.62-79, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.02.005.
255. Gailler L., Kauahikaua J. (2019). Gravity signature of basaltic fill in Kīlauea caldera, Island of Hawai‘i. In : Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, - DOI:10.1130/2018.2538(13).
256. Gailler L., Kauahikaua J., Lénat J.F., Revil A., Gresse M., Ahmed A.S., Cluzel N., Manthilake G., Gurioli L., Johnson T., Finizola A., Delcher E. (2019). 3D electrical conductivity imaging of Halema‘uma‘u lava lake(Kīlauea volcano). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.381, p.185-192, - DOI:10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.06.001.
257. Gouhier M., Eychenne J., Azzaoui N., Guillin A., Deslandes M., Poret M., Costa A., Husson P. (2019). Low efficiency of large volcanic eruptions in transporting very fine ash into the atmosphere. Scientific Reports vol.9, p.1449, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-38595-7 1.
258. Gouhier M., Paris R. (2019). SO2 and tephra emissions during the December 22, 2018Anak Krakatau flank-collapse eruption. Volcanica vol.2, p.91-103, 2, - DOI:10.30909/vol.02.02.91103.
259. Gourgaud A., Boivin P. (2019). Le phréatomagmatisme dans le Massif central français. vol.Mémoire n°8, p.95-104, in : Histoire de la découverte géologique du Massif central français.
260. Gueugneau V., Kelfoun K., Druitt T. (2019). Investigation of surge-derived pyroclastic flow formation by numerical modelling of the 25 June 1997 dome collapse at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.25, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1284-y.
261. Harris A., Chevrel O., Coppola D., Ramsey M.S., Hrysiewicz A., Thivet S., Villeneuve N., Favalli M., Peltier A., Kowalski P., Di Muro A., Froger J.L., Gurioli L. (2019). Validation of an integrated satellite-data-driven response to an effusive crisis: the April–May 2018 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise. Annals of Geophysics vol.61, - DOI:10.4401/ag-7972.
262. Laumonier M., Karakas O., Bachmann O., Gaillard F., Lukács R., Seghedi L., Menand T., Harangi S. (2019). Evidence for a persistent magma reservoir with large melt content beneath an apparently extinct volcano. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.521, p.79-90, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.004.
263. Lelièvre P.G., Barnoud A., Niess V., Cârloganu C., Cayol V., Farquharson C.G. (2019). Joint inversion methods with relative density offset correction for muon tomography and gravity data, with application to volcano imaging. Geophysical Journal International vol.218, p.1685-1701, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggz251.
264. Lévy L., Maurya P.K., Byrdina S., Vandemeulebrouck J., Sigmundsson F., Árnason K., Ricci T., Deldicque D., Roger M., Gibert B., Labazuy P. (2019). Electrical resistivity tomography and time-domain induced polarization field investigations of geothermal areas at Krafla, Iceland: comparison to borehole and laboratory frequency-domain electrical observations. Geophysical Journal International vol.218, p.1469-1489, 3, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggz240.
265. Maccaferri F., Smittarello D., Pinel V., Cayol V. (2019). On the Propagation Path of Magma Filled Dikes and Hydrofractures: The Competition Between External Stress, Internal Pressure, and Crack Length. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems vol.20, p.2064-2081, - DOI:10.1029/2018GC007915.
266. Mannini S., Harris A., Jessop D., Chevrel O., Ramsey M.S. (2019). Combining ground- and ASTER-based thermal measurements to constrain fumarole field heat budgets: The case of Vulcano Fossa 2000-2019. Geophysical Research Letters vol.46, p.1, - DOI:10.1029/2019GL084013.
267. Martin S.S., Linlin L., Okal E., Morin J., Tetteroo A., Switzer A., Sieh K. (2019). Reassessment of the 1907 Sumatra ‘‘Tsunami Earthquake’’ Based on Macroseismic, Seismological, and Tsunami Observations and Modeling. Pure and Applied Geophysics - DOI:10.1007/s00024-019-02134-2.
268. Moussallam Y., Longpré M.A., McCammon C., Gomez-Ulla A., Rose-Koga E., Scaillet B., Peters N., Gennaro E., Paris R., Oppenheimer C. (2019). Mantle plumes are oxidised. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.527, p.115798, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115798 - .
269. Moussallam Y., Oppenheimer C., Scaillet B. (2019). On the relationship between oxidation state and temperature of volcanic gas emissions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.520, p.260-267, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.05.036.
270. Moussallam Y., Rose-Koga E., Koga K., Médard E., Bani P., Devidal J.L., Tari D. (2019). Fast ascent rate during the 2017–2018 Plinian eruption of Ambae (Aoba) volcano: a petrological investigation. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology - DOI:0.1007/s00410-019-1625-z - .
271. Pansino S., Calder E.S., Menand T. (2019). Experimental analysis of bubble-driven magma motionin the conduit, for persistently active, open-vent volcanoes. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.75, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1339-0.
272. Paris R., Ulvrova M. (2019). Tsunamis generated by subaqueous volcanic explosions in Taal Caldera Lake, Philippines. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.14, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1272-2.
273. Paris R., Ulvrova M., Selva J., Brizuela B., Costa A., Grezio A., Lorito S., Tonini R. (2019). Probabilistic hazard analysis for tsunamis generated by subaqueous volcanic explosions in the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.379, p.106-116, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.05.010.
274. Petronis M.S., Van Wyk De Vries B., Garza D. (2019). The leaning Puy de Dôme (Auvergne, France) tilted by shallow intrusions. Volcanica vol.2, p.161-189, 2.
275. Pioli L., Harris A. (2019). Real-Time Geophysical Monitoring of Particle Size Distribution During Volcanic Explosions at Stromboli Volcano (Italy). Frontiers in Earth Science vol.7, p.52, - DOI:10.3389/feart.2019.00052.
276. Poret M., Finizola A., Ricci T., Ricciardi G.P., Linde N., Mauri G., Barde-Cabusson S., Guichet X., Baron L., Shakas A., Gouhier M., Levieux G., Morin J., Roulleau E., Sortino F., VassalloR., Di Vito M.A., Orsi G. (2019). The buried caldera boundary of the Vesuvius 1631 eruption revealed by present-day soil CO2 concentration. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.029.
277. Portal A., Fargier Y., Labazuy P., Lénat J.F., Boivin P., Miallier D. (2019). 3D electrical imaging of the inner structure of a complex lava dome, Puy de Dôme volcano (French Massif Central, France). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.373, p.97-107, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.019.
278. Ramsey M.S., Chevrel O., Coppola D., Harris A. (2019). The Influence of Emissivity on the Thermo- Rheological Modeling of the Channelized Lava Flows at Tolbachik Volcano. Annals of Geophysics vol.62, p.VO222, 2, - DOI:10.4401/ag-8077.
279. Roche O., Carazzo G. (2019). The contribution of experimental volcanology to the study of the physics of eruptive processes, and related scaling issues: A review. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.384, p.103-150, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.011.
280. Sahyoun M., Freney E., Brito J., Duplissy J., Gouhier M., Colomb A., Dupuy R., Bourianne T., Nowak J.B., Yan C., Petäjä T., Kulmala M., Schwarzenboeck A., Planche C., Sellegri K. (2019). Evidence of New Particle Formation Within Etna andStromboli Volcanic Plumes and Its ParameterizationFrom Airborne In Situ Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres vol.124, p.5650-5668, - DOI:10,1029/2018JD028882.
281. Smittarello D., Cayol V., Pinel V., Froger J.L., Peltier A., Dumont Q. (2019). Combining InSAR and GNSS to Track Magma Transport at Basaltic Volcanoes. Remote Sensing vol.11, p.2236, - DOI:10.3390/rs11192236.
282. Smittarello D., Cayol V., Pinel V., Peltier A., Froger J.L., Ferrazzini V. (2019). Magma propagation at Piton de la Fournaise from joint inversion of InSAR and GNSS. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth - DOI:10.1029/2018JB016856.
283. Soria-Hoyo C., Valverde J.M., Roche O. (2019). A laboratory-scale study on the role of mechanical vibrations in pore pressure generation in pyroclastic materials: implications for pyroclastic flows. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.12, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1271-3.
284. Valentine G., Briner J.P., Van Wyk De Vries B., Macorps E., Gump D. (2019). 10Be exposure ages for the Late Pleistocene Gour de Tazenat maar (Chaîne des Puys volcanic field, Auvergne, France). Quaternary Geochronology vol.50, p.8-13, - DOI:10.1016/j.quageo.2018.11.002.
285. Venugopal S., Moune S., Williams-Jones G., Druitt T., Vigouroux N., Wilson A., Russell J.K. (2019). Two distinct mantle sources beneath the Garibaldi Belt: Insight from olivine-hosted melt inclusions. Chemical Geology vol.532, p.119356, - DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119346.
286. Vougioukalakis G.E., Satow C.G., Druitt T. (2019). Volcanism of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. Elements vol.15, p.159-164, - DOI:10.2138/gselements.15.3.159.
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The answers to these questions were elaborated in response to questions from students by several researchers of the laboratory, Luca Teray, Raphael Paris, Karim Kelfoun and Valérie Cayol. If these answers do not answer your questions, please contact Valérie Cayol (valerie.cayol@uca.fr) or Karim Kelfoun (karim.kelfoun@uca.fr).

Questions :

• What exactly is the name of your job?

• In which professional sector is this job located?

• Who is your employer?

• Where is your workplace located?

• What is your working rhythm?

• Why did you choose this profession?

• What is the purpose of your job?

• What needs do you meet by doing this job?

• Can you describe concretely the activities you often do, so that I can get a picture of your daily work?

• Tell me about a typical day at work.

• What other professionals do you work with? (working alone / in a team / partners…)

• What qualities are essential for your job?

• Tell me about the positive aspects of your job

• Tell me the negative points about your job

• Does a volcanologist go near active volcanoes to study them?

• If you ever have to go out into the field, what are the first difficulties you will encounter on these excursions?

• What diploma or training do you need today to do your job?

Anwsers :

What exactly is the name of your job?

In practice, the name of our profession is researcher, teacher-researcher, professor or physicist. You can also be a doctoral student or a post-doctoral researcher, but these positions correspond to fixed-term contracts. Our object of study is volcanoes. We are researchers in volcanology. You can also say volcanologist or vulcanologist of course.

In which professional sector is this job located?

The civil service.

Who is your employer?

The Magmas and Volcanoes Laboratory’s researchers have a variety of employers. They are the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) or the Institut de Recherches et Développement (IRD).

Where is your workplace located?

The researchers have offices at the university but they are also required to carry out laboratory analyses and measurement campaigns on land sometimes located on other continents. The research laboratory to which we are attached is a joint research unit, which means that it associates CNRS researchers and a university. The IRD is also associated with the laboratory.

What is your working rhythm?

Researchers work 35 hours a week and are entitled to 9 weeks of holiday. But researchers are generally passionate about their work. It is also a competitive profession, so researchers do not count their hours. In practice, researchers work 50 hours a week and it is not uncommon for them to take less than 5 weeks’ holiday a year.

Why did you choose this profession?

Because it’s a job that allows you to satisfy your curiosity. The approach is very satisfying because it generally consists of going back and forth between field observations, laboratory observations and simulations. In addition, you have relative freedom in the choice of research areas, approaches and timetables.

What is the purpose of your job?

See for example the video presentation of the volcanology team https://lmv.uca.fr/recherche/volcanologie/ .

At the Magmas and Volcanoes Laboratory, we seek to understand volcanism from its source in the Earth’s mantle to the emission of volcanic products into the atmosphere. The questions we ask are: why do volcanoes erupt, what are the precursors of an eruption, what type of activity will occur, how does this activity evolve, what is its impact on human activities (aviation, agriculture, health, etc.), plants, animals and the climate ? In addition to the hazards immediately linked to volcanic activity (lava flows, mudflows, pyroclastic flows, explosions, volcanic bombs and ash, tsunamis), volcanoes release greenhouse gases (CO2), acid gases (SO2) and ash, which have an impact on the climate and populations.

What needs do you meet by doing this job?

A need to understand the world around us. Some of our research also allows us to better assess the risks associated with volcanism. We also participate in the transmission of knowledge to society through teaching at the university and our exchanges with the media (newspapers, television, radio, cinema, festivals).

Can you describe in concrete terms the activities you often do, so that I can get a picture of your daily work?

To carry out our research we combine field observations (with in situ or remote measuring devices, with drones or satellites), laboratory observations (physico-chemical analysis of volcanic products, physical experiments), and models, whether carried out by laboratory experiments or on computers. The purpose of these models is to better understand the physical processes that govern the observed behaviour. Because nature is complex, problems are simplified to study particular parameters. But, like many people, we spend most of our time in front of a computer, as we not only have to process data, but also to set up projects to obtain funding, to write reports and publications, to prepare conferences, to discuss by e-mail or video conference with other colleagues, and to this add some administrative work.

Tell me about a typical day at work

Researchers spend time supervising students, writing projects, administering their own and other people’s research, reading and writing articles, preparing conferences and of course doing their research (analysis of data sets, laboratory analyses, modelling, etc.).

What other professionals do you work with? (working alone / in teams / partners…)

Each of us, is a specialist in a specific field (lava flows, volcanic earthquakes, tsunamis, gases, etc.). To better understand volcanism and its impact, we need to work with other researchers with complementary specialities, either in the laboratory or in other laboratories: mathematicians, computer scientists, physicists, doctors, etc. As our studies involve observations of volcanoes, we collaborate with volcanological observatories located on the national territory (in Reunion Island, Guadeloupe or Martinique) or abroad. We also sometimes collaborate with professionals in the private sector for research related to geomaterials, hydrology, geothermal energy or natural hazards.

What are the qualities needed to do your job?

You have to be curious and passionate, have a good physical sense, and be academically excellent. You have to be very independent and have your own questions, while being able to work in a team. You also need to be able to communicate orally at conferences and in writing through articles that will be published in English in scientific journals. It is nowadays necessary to be fluent in English.

Tell me about the positive aspects of your job

It is a job that feeds our questions about the world around us. The possibility of satisfying our curiosity is a great source of satisfaction for many researchers.

We have a great deal of freedom: freedom to choose our research topics insofar as these topics allow us to obtain funding, freedom to choose with whom we want to work, and relative freedom of schedule. All this is possible provided that we produce knowledge through articles published in scientific journals and communications at conferences.

It is also a profession that allows you to be at the crossroads of many scientific disciplines (geology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, computer science, geography, economics, sociology, etc.), which is very enriching, and which gives you the opportunity to travel and meet people from different cultures.

In addition to their research, teacher-researchers also teach, both at Licence level (the first three years of study after the baccalaureate) and at Master level (fourth and fifth years of study after the baccalaureate). The researchers and teacher-researchers also supervise doctoral students (three years of research after a Master’s degree). We are thus in constant contact with students, teaching, questioning and being questioned.

Tell me about the negative aspects of your job

It’s hard to set limits on what you want to do and can do. We often bring work home with us and it is sometimes difficult to “disconnect” from work. It’s a passionate job that has the defects of its qualities. Researchers’ salaries are not particularly high and differ little according to their rank and responsibilities. Opportunities for promotion are limited. In short, you don’t do this job for the money. For example, a researcher with ten years’ seniority earns barely 2500 euros net per month.

Does a volcanologist go near active volcanoes to study them?

The image of the volcanologist is, in the collective imagination, attached to that of an adventurer in a reflective suit taking measurements just a few metres from the molten lava, or descending into a smoking crater! This vision comes largely from the documentaries and books of Haroun Tazieff and Katia and Maurice Kraft, which were made in the second half of the 20th century. However, it no longer really corresponds to the reality of a volcanologist’s work. Nowadays, it is possible to monitor volcanoes remotely, using satellites, drones or stations installed on volcanoes that transmit their measurements to the other side of the world. Volcanologists are no longer the backpackers of the 1970s. Many researchers also study volcanoes in the laboratory or digitally, which does not require them to go into the field. However, it will always be necessary to go close to active volcanoes to understand them better. Some of the activities of today’s volcanologist in the field that will not disappear soon include:

• installing and maintaining measuring stations (seismometers, gnss, cameras, gas analysers, etc.) on volcanoes
• collecting samples (rocks, ash, lava, gas) to be analysed in the laboratory to better understand recent and old eruptions
• testing new measurement and observation techniques currently being developed in the laboratory and which will become part of the volcanologists’ toolbox in the future (the most emblematic example is the application of drones for volcanology)
• carrying out surveys (cartographic but also geographical and sociological) in volcanic regions to assess vulnerability to volcanic hazards and the resulting risk

Finally, it should be noted that some of these activities sometimes require visits to very active areas (e.g. lava flows, crater lip or fumarole fields), although this is becoming increasingly rare. These operations are of course carried out after an extremely rigorous risk assessment and with equipment specially designed to protect against possible dangers.

If you ever have to go into the field, what are the first difficulties you will encounter on these excursions?

Volcanic terrains are very diverse, they can be located on every continent with all the varieties of political regimes that this implies, they can be at sea level in Hawaii to almost 7000m in the Andes (not to mention submarine volcanoes), it can be over 40°C in the Afar region of Ethiopia, as well as -20°C on Erebus in Antarctica. They can be located within minutes of a large city (e.g. Vesuvius and Naples) or hundreds of kilometres from any inhabited area (e.g. some volcanoes in the Aleutian Islands). The volcano may be inactive or erupting. In short, you can expect anything! This is why all missions must be carefully prepared, from the scientific point of view (work programme and contingency plans), the natural point of view (weather, activity) and the logistical point of view (accommodation, transport, food, health), without neglecting the administrative aspects (authorisations, customs) which can prove decisive. In short, a well-prepared mission is often a successful mission (whatever the conditions), and the most difficult thing is to be well prepared, which can be learned from experience.

What is the diploma or training required today to practice your profession?

You need a doctorate (bachelor’s degree + 8 years of study), and in general you need to have completed one or more post-doctorates (research contracts), often abroad. You must have an exemplary academic record and have demonstrated that you conduct independent research leading to publications in reputable international journals. Typically, the CNRS hires 5 researchers in earth sciences per year for the whole country. In 2020, there are 80 candidates for these 5 positions. The last researchers hired by the CNRS in the Volcanology team of the Magmas and Volcanoes Laboratory were hired in 2006 and 2020. As far as other types of positions are concerned, the Volcanology team has hired 1 professor, 2 lecturers, 2 physicists and 3 researchers attached to the IRD over the last ten years. It is therefore a very competitive profession. Competition continues to obtain funding to carry out our projects (about 10% of the projects submitted to the National Research Agency are subsidised). To face up to this competition, and to persevere despite the difficulties that may arise, you need to be highly motivated.

The volcanoes we study

Understanding volcanism requires the acquisition of field data: visible and thermal imagery, geophysical campaigns, gas, rock and ash sampling for petrological and geochemical analyses, mapping of deposits and destruction, etc.

Our targets depend on the current activity, research themes and our collaborations with French laboratories and observatories, as well as partner countries.

Soufrière de Guadeloupe

Piton de la Fournaise volcano

Italian volcanoes

Indonesian volcanoes

Andean volcanism

African volcanoes