Volcanology

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Volcanology Team – July 2019

The volcanology team is composed of 26 permanent researchers ( 9 professors and assistant professors, 8 physicist, 4 CNRS researchers, 3 IRD researchers, 1 INRAP researcher, 1 teacher), 2 emeritus, 2 post-doctorates and 12 PhD candidates.

The volcanology platform includes geophysical measurement equipment (DGPS, resistivity tomography, spontaneous polarization, electromagnetic soundings, ERT, GPR, seismic stations), instruments for the textural characterization of volcanic products (G3 morpho-granulometer, pycnometers and permeameters in the textural analysis laboratory),  the experimental volcanology laboratory, in house numerical modelling softwares and satellite and ground-based remote sensing tools (Doppler radars, DOAS, MultiGas, IR cameras, drones and image processing laboratory). It should be noted that some of these instruments are part of the OPGC’s observation services.

	Geophysics
	Textural analysis laboratory
	Laboratory of experimental volcanology
	Numerical modelling
	Remote sensing

Rang A :

1. Aravena A., Bevilacqua A., de’ Michieli Vitturi M., Esposti Ongaro T., Neri A., Cioni R. (2022). Calibration strategies of PDC kinetic energy models and their application to the construction of hazard maps. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, 29, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01538-8 - .
2. Aravena A., Roche O. (2022). Influence of the topography of stratovolcanoes on the propagation and channelization of1 dense pyroclastic density currents analyzed through numerical simulations. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, 7, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01576-2 - .
3. Arghavani S., Arghavani C., Banson S., Lupascu A., Gouhier M., Sellegri K., Planche C. (2022). The Effect of Using a New Parameterization of Nucleation in the WRF-Chem Model on New Particle Formation in a Passive Volcanic Plum. Atmosphere vol.13, p.15, - DOI:10.3390/atmos13010015.
4. Aumar C., Merle O., Bosse V., Monié P. (2022). Syn-rift Cretaceous deformation in the Agly Variscan Massif (Eastern Pyrenees, France). BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin vol.193, 6, - DOI:10.1051/bsgf/2022006.
5. Bani P., Oppenheimer C., Tsanev V., Scaillet B., Primulyana S., Boyson Saing U., Alfianti H., Marlia M. (2022). Modest volcanic SO 2 emissions from the Indonesian archipelago. Nature Communications vol.13, p.3366, - DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-31043-7.
6. Bennett G., Van Reybroucka J., Shemsanga C., Kisaka M., Tomasek I., Fontijn K., Kervyn M., WalraevensK. (2022). Identification of low fluoride areas using conceptual groundwater flow model and 1 hydrogeochemical system analysis in the aquifer system on the flanks of an active 2 volcano: Mount Meru, Northern Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment - DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152682 - .
7. Bodart O., Cayol V., Dabaghi F., Koko J. (2022). An inverse problem in an elastic domain with a crack : a fictitious domain approach. Computational Geosciences - DOI:10.1007/s10596-021-10121-7 - .
8. Constantinescu R., White J.T., Connor C.B., Hopulele-Gligo A., Charbonnier S., Thouret J.C., Lindsay J.M., Bertin D. (2022). Uncertainty Quantification of Eruption Source Parameters Estimated From Tephra Fall Deposits. Geophysical Research Letters vol.49, p.e2021GL097425, - DOI:10.1029/2021GL097425.
9. Doronzo D.M., Di Vito M.A., Arienzo I., Bini M., Galusi B., Cerminara M., Corradini S., de Vita S., Giaccio B., Gurioli L., Mannella G., Ricciardi G.P., Rucco I., Sparice D., Todesco M., Trasatti E., Zanchetta G. (2022). The 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius: A lesson from the past and the need of a multidisciplinary approach for developments in volcanology. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.231, p.104072, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104072.
10. Dumont Q., Cayol V., Froger J.L., Peltier A. (2022). 22 years of satellite imagery reveal a major destabilization structure at Piton de la Fournaise. Nature Communications vol.13, p.2649, - DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-30109-w.
11. Eychenne J., Gurioli L., Damby D., Belville C., Schiavi F., Marceau G., Szczepaniaks C., Blavignacs C., Laumonier M., Gardes E., Le Pennec J.L., Nedelec J.-M., Blanchon L., Sapin V. (2022). Spatial distribution and physicochemical properties of respirable volcanic ash from the 16-17 August 2006 Tungurahua eruption (Ecuador), and alveolar epithelium response in-vitro. GeoHealth - DOI:10.1029/2022GH000680.
12. Feignon J., Cluzel N., Schiavi F., Moune S., Roche O., Clavero J., Schiano P., Auxerre M. (2022). High CO2 content in magmas of the explosive andesitic Enco eruption of Mocho‑Choshuenco volcano (Chile). Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, p.40, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-022-01550-y.
13. Freret-Lorgeril V., Bonadonna C., Corradini S., Guerrieri L., Lemus J., Donnadieu F., Scollo S., Gurioli L., Rossi E. (2022). Tephra characterization and multi-disciplinary determination of Eruptive Source Parameters of a weak paroxysm at Mount Etna (Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.421, p.107431, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107431 - .
14. Heap M.J., Jessop D., Wadsworth F.B., Rosas-Carbajal M., Komorowski J.C., Gilg H.A., Aron N., Buscetti M., Gential L., Goupil M., Masson M., Hervieu L., Kushnir A.R.L., Baud P., Carbillet L., Ryan A.G., Moretti R. (2022). The thermal properties of hydrothermally altered andesites from La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Eastern Caribbean). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.421, p.107444, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107444.
15. Ijumulana J., Ligate F., Irunde R., Bhattacharya P., Ahmad A., Tomasek I., Maity J.P., Mtalo F. (2022). Spatial variability of the sources and distribution of fluoride in groundwater of the Sanya alluvial plain aquifers in northern Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment vol.810, p.152153, - DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152153.
16. Kelfoun K., Gueugneau V. (2022). A unifying model for pyroclastic surge genesis and pyroclastic flow fluidization. Geophysical Research Letters - DOI:10.1029/2021GL096517 - .
17. Mereu L., Scollo S., Bonadonna C., Donnadieu F., Freret-Lorgeril V., Marzano F.S. (2022). Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing vol.15, p.504-518, - DOI:10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3133946 - .
18. Paris R., Smedile A., Falvard S., Devidal J.L., Suchorski K. (2022). A Minoan and a Neolithic tsunami recorded in coastal sediments of Ios Island, Aegean Sea, Greece. Marine Geology vol.452, p.106908, - DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106908.
19. Roche O., Henry C.D., Azzaoui N., Guillin A. (2022). Long-runout pyroclastic density currents: Analysis and implications. Geology vol.50, p.1172-1176, 10, - DOI:10.1130/G50215.1.
20. Ross P.S., Dürig T., Comida P.P., Lefebvre N., White J.D.L., Andronico D., Thivet S., Eychenne J., Gurioli L. (2022). Standardized analysis of juvenile pyroclasts in comparative studies of primary magma fragmentation; 1. Overview and workflow. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, p.13, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-021-01516-6 - .
21. Santamaria S., Quidelleur X., Hidalgo S., Samaniego P., Le Pennec J.L., Liorzou C., Lahitte P., Cordova M., Espin P. (2022). Geochronological evolution of the potentially active Iliniza Volcano (Ecuador) based on new K-Ar ages. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.424, p.107489, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107489 - .
22. Santamaria S., Quidelleur X., Hidalgo S., Samaniego P., Le Pennec J.L., Liorzou C., Lahitte P., Córdova M., Espín P. (2022). Geochronological evolution of the potentially active Iliniza Volcano (Ecuador) based on new K-Ar ages. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research p.107489, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107489.
23. Saurel J.M., Jacques E., Aiken C., Lemoine A., Retailleau L., Lavayssière A., Foix O., Dofal A., Laurent A., Mercury N., Crawford W., Lemarchand A., Daniel R., Pelleau P., B`es de Berc M., Dectot G., Bertil D., Roullé A., Broucke C., Colombain A., Jund H., Besançon S., Guyavarch P., Kowalski P., Roudaut M., Apprioual R., Battaglia J., et al. (2022). Mayotte seismic crisis: building knowledge in near real-time by combining land and ocean-bottom seismometers, first results. Geophysical Journal International vol.228, p.1281-1293, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggab392 - .
24. Sauzéat L., Eychenne J., Gurioli L., Boyet M., Jessop D., Moretti R., Monrose M., Holota H., Beaudoin C., Volle D.H. (2022). Metallome deregulation and health-related impacts due to long-term exposure to recent volcanic ash deposits: New chemical and isotopic insights. Science of the Total Environment p.154383, - DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154383 - .
25. Smittarello D., Smets B., Barrière J., Michellier C., Oth O., Shreve T., Grandin R., Theys N., Brenot H., Cayol V., Allard P., Caudron C., Chevrel O., Darchambeau F., de Buyl P., Delhaye L., Derauw D., Ganci G., Geirsson H., Kamate Kaleghetso E., Kambale Makundi J., Kambale Nguomoja I., Kasereka Mahinda C., Kervyn M., Kimanuka Ruriho C., Le Mével H., Molendijk S., Namur O., Poppe S., Schmid M., Subira J., Wauthier C., Yalire M., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F. (2022). Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano. Nature vol.609, p.83-88, - DOI:10.1038/s41586-022-05047-8.
26. Stewart C., Damby D.E., Horwell C.J., Elias T., Ilyinskaya E., Tomasek I., Longo B.M., Schmidt A., Carlsen H.K., Mason E., Baxter P.J., Cronin S., Witham C. (2022). Volcanic air pollution and human health: recent advances and future directions. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.84, p.11, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-021-01513-9 - .
27. Tadini A., Azzaoui N., Roche O., Samaniego P., Bernard B., Hidalgo S., Guillin A., Gouhier M. (2022). Tephra fallout probabilistic hazard maps for Cotopaxi and Guagua Pichincha 1 volcanoes (Ecuador) with uncertainty quantification. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth vol.127, p.e2021JB022780, 2, - DOI:10.1029/2021JB022780.
28. Tadini A., Harris A., Morin J., Bevilacqua A., Peltier A., Aspinall W., Ciolli S., Bachèlery P., Bernard B., Biren J., Brum da Silveira A., Cayol V., Chevrel O., Coppola D., Dietterich H., Donovan A., Dorado O., Drenne S., Dupéré O., Gurioli L., Kolzenburg S., Komorowski J.C., Labazuy P., Mangione D., Mannini S., Martel-Asselin F., Médard E., Pailot-Bonnetat S., Rafflin V., Ramsey M., Richter N., Vallejo S., Villeneuve N., Zafrilla S. (2022). Structured elicitation of expert judgement in real-time eruption scenarios: an exercise for Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island. Volcanica vol.4, p.105-131, 1, - DOI:10.30909/vol.05.01.105131.
29. Thivet S., Carlier J., Gurioli L., Di Muro A., Besson P., Smietana M., Boudon G., Bachèlery P., Eychenne J., Nedelec J.M. (2022). Magmatic and phreatomagmatic contributions on the ash-dominated basaltic eruptions: Insights from the April and November–December 2005 paroxysmal events at Karthala volcano, Comoros. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.424, p.107500, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107500.
30. Tomasek I., Mouri H., Dille A., Bennett G., Bhattacharya P., Brion N., Elskens M., Fontijn K., Gao Y., Gevera P.K., Ijumulana J., Kisaka M., Leermakers M., Shemsanga C., Walraevens K., Wragg J., Kervyn M. (2022). Naturally occurring potntially toxic elements in groundwater from the volcanic landscape around Mount Meru, Arusha, Tanzania and their potential health hazard. Science of the Total Environment vol.807, p.150487, - DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150487.
31. Van Wyk De Vries B., Karatson D., Gouard C., Karoly N., Rapprich V., Aydar E. (2022). Inverted volcanic relief: Its importance in illustrating geological change and its geoheritage potential. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks vol.10, p.47-83, - DOI:10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.02.002 - .
32. Verdurme P., Carn S., Harris A., Coppola D., Di Muro A., Arellano S., Gurioli L. (2022). Lava Volume from Remote Sensing Data: Comparisons with Reverse Petrological Approaches for Two Types of Effusive Eruption. Remote Sensing vol.14, p.323, - DOI:10.3390/rs14020323.
33. Aravena A., Chupin L., Dubois T., Roche O. (2021). The influence of gas pore pressure in dense granular flows: numerical simulations versus experiments and implications for pyroclastic density currents. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.83, 77, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-021-01507-7 - .
34. Arran M.I., Mangeney A., De Rosny J., Farin M., Toussaint R., Roche O. (2021). Laboratory Landquakes: Insights From Experiments Into the High-Frequency Seismic Signal Generated by Geophysical Granular Flows. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface vol.126, - DOI:10.1029/2021JF006172 - .
35. Aubry T.J., Engwell S., Bonadonna C., Carazzo G., Scollo S., Van Eaton A.R., Taylor I.A., Jessop D., Eychenne J., Gouhier M., Mastin L.G., Wallace K.L., Biass S., Bursik M., Grainger R.G., Jellinek A.M., Schmidt A. (2021). The Independent Volcanic Eruption Source Parameter Archive (IVESPA, version 1.0): A newobservational database to support explosive eruptive column model validation and development. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.417, p.107295, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107295 - .
36. Bani P., Nauret F., Oppenheimer C., Aiuppa A., Saing B.U., Haerani N., Alfianti H., Marlia M., Tsanev V. (2021). Heterogeneity of volatile sources along the Halmahera arc, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.418, p.107342, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107342 - .
37. Barnoud A., Cayol V., Lelièvre P.G., Portal A., Labazuy P., Boivin P., Gailler L. (2021). Robust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data for the Density Imaging of the Puy de Dôme Volcano (France). Frontiers in Earth Science vol.8, p.575842, - DOI:10.3389/feart.2020.575842 - .
38. Behrens J., Løvholt F., Jalayer F., Lorito S., Salgado-Gálvez M.A., Sørensen M., Abadie S., Aguirre-Ayerbe I., Aniel-Quiroga I., Babeyko A., Baiguera M., Basili R., Belliazzi S., Grezio A., Johnson K., Murphy S., Paris R., Rafliana I., De Risi R., Rossetto T., Selva J., Taroni M., Del Zoppo M., Armigliato A., Bures V., Cech P., Cecioni C., Christodoulides P., Davies G., Dias F., Bas¸ ak Bayraktar H., González M., Gritsevich M., Guillas S., Bonnevie Harbitz C., Kanoglu U., Macías G., Papadopoulos G.A., Polet J., Romano F., Salamon A., Scala A., Stepinac M., Tappin D.R., Kie Thio H., Tonini R., Triantafyllou I., Ulrich T., Varini E., Volpe M., Vyhmeister E. (2021). Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard and Risk Analysis: A Review of Research Gaps. Frontiers in Earth Science vol.9, p.628772, - DOI:10.3389/feart.2021.628772 - .
39. Bennett G., Van Reybrouck J., Shemsanga C., Kisaka M., Tomasek I., Fontijn K., Kervyn M., Walraevens K. (2021). Hydrochemical Characterisation of High-Fluoride Groundwater and Development of a Conceptual Groundwater Flow Model Using a Combined Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Approach on an Active Volcano: Mount Meru, Northern Tanzania. Water vol.13, p.2159, - DOI:10.3390/w13162159 - .
40. Berthod C., Médard E., Bachèlery P., Gurioli L., Di Muro A., Peltier A., Komorowski J.C., Benbakkar M., Devidal J.L., Langlade J., Besson P., Boudon G., Rose-Koga E., Deplus C., Le Friant A., Bickert M., Nowak S., Thinon I., Burckel P., Hidalgo S., Kaliwoda M., Jorry S.J., Fouquet Y., Feuillet N. (2021). The 2018-ongoing Mayotte submarine eruption: Magma migration imaged by petrological monitoring. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.571, p.117085, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117085 - .
41. Berthod C., Médard E., Di Muro ., Ali T.H., Gurioli L., Chauvel C., Komorowski J.C., Bachèlery P., Peltier A., Benbakkar M., Devidal J.L., Besson P., Le Friant A., Deplus C., Nowak S., Thinon I., Burckel P., Hidalgo S., Feuillet N., Jorry S., Fouquet Y. (2021). Mantle xenolith-bearing phonolites and basanites feed the active volcanic ridge of Mayotte (Comoros archipelago, SW Indian Ocean). Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology vol.176, p.75, - .
42. Beucler E., Bonnin M., Hourcade C., Van Vliet-Lanoë B., Perrin C., Provost L., Mocquet A., Battaglia J., Geoffroy L., Steer P., Le Gall B., Douchain J.M., Fligiel D., Gernigon P., Delouis B., Perrot J., Mazzotti S., Mazet-Roux G., Lambotte S., Grunberg M., Vergne J., Clément C., Calais E., Deverchère J., Longuevergne L., Duperret A., Roques C., Kaci T., Authemayou C. (2021). Characteristics and possible origins of the seismicity in northwestern France. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences vol.Geoscience - Sciences de la Planète, p.1-25, 10.5802/crgeos.86 (ed.), - .
43. Bevilacqua A., Aravena A., Neri A., Gutiérrez E., Escobar D., Schliz M., Aiuppa A., Cioni R. (2021). Thematic vent opening probability maps and hazard assessment of small-scale pyroclastic density currents in the San Salvador volcanic complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe volcanic complex (Nicaragua). Natural Hazard and Earth System Sciences vol.21, p.1639-1665, - DOI:10.5194/nhess-21-1639-2021.
44. Bisson M., Tadini A., Gianardi R., Angioletti A. (2021). The use of historical cartography and ALS technology to map the geomorphological changes of volcanic areas: A case study from Gran Cono of Somma-Vesuvius volcano. Geomorphology vol.380, p.107624, - DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107624 - .
45. Bonilauri E., Harris A., Morin J., Ripepe M., Mangione D., Lacanna G., Ciolli S., Cusolito M., Deguy P. (2021). Tsunami evacuation times and routes to safe zones: a GIS-based approach to tsunami evacuation planning on the island of Stromboli, Italy. Journal of Applied Volcanology vol.10, 4, - DOI:10.1186/s13617-021-00104-9 - .
46. Boudoire G., Di Muro A., Michon L., Metrich N. (2021). Footprints and conditions of multistep alkali enrichment in basaltic melts at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean). Bulletin of Volcanology vol.83:84, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-021-01508-6.
47. Bougouin A., Roche O., Paris R., Huppert H. (2021). Experimental Insights on thePropagation of Fine-Grained Geophysical Flows Entering Water. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans vol.126, 4, - DOI:1029/2020JC016838 - .
48. Burgi P.-Y., Valade S., Coppola D., Boudoire G., Mavonga G., Rufino F., Tedesco D. (2021). Unconventional filling dynamics of a pit crater. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.576, p.117230, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117230.
49. Caracciolo A., Gurioli L., Marianelli P., Bernard J., Harris A. (2021). Textural and chemical features of a “soft” plug emitted during Strombolian explosions: A case study from Stromboli volcano. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.559, p.116761, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116761.
50. Chehade R., Chevalier B., Dedecker F., Breul P., Thouret J.C. (2021). Discrete modelling of debris flows for evaluating impacts on structures. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment vol.80, p.6629-6645, 8, - DOI:10.1007/s10064-021-02278-3f - .
51. Chevrel O., Favalli M., Villeneuve N., Harris A., Fornaciai A., Richter N., Derrien A., Boissier P., Di Muro A., Peltier A. (2021). Lava flow hazard map of Piton de la Fournaise volcano. Natural Hazards vol.21, p.2355-2377, - DOI:10.5194/nhess-21-2355-2021 - .
52. Chupin L., Dubois T., Phan M., Roche O. (2021). Pressure-dependent threshold in a granular flow: Numerical modeling andexperimental validation. Journal of Non-newtonian Fluid Mechanics vol.291, p.104529, - DOI:10.1016/j.jnnfm.2021.104529 - .
53. Cornu M.N., Paris R., Doucelance R., Bachèlery P., Bosq C., Auclair D., Benbakkar M., Gannoun A.M., Guillou H. (2021). Exploring the links between volcano flank collapse and the magmatic evolution of an ocean island volcano: Fogo, Cape Verde. Scientific Report vol.11, p.17478, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-96897-1 - .
54. Dacko M., Simon F.X., HulinG., Labazuy P., Buvat S., Donnadieu F., Deberge Y. (2021). Multi-Method Geophysical Survey of Caesar’s Military System at the Battle of Gergovie. ArcheoSciences p.47-50, - DOI:10.4000/archeosciences.8338.
55. De Martini P.M., Bruins H.J., Feist L., Goodman-Tchernov B.N., Hadler H., Lario J., Mastronuzzi G., Obrocki L., Pantosti D., Paris R., Reicherter K., Smedile A., Vött A. (2021). The Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Cadiz as a natural laboratory for paleotsunami research: Recent advancements. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.216, p.103578, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103578 - .
56. Donzé F.V., Klinger Y., Bonilla-Sierra V., Duriez J., Jiao L., Scholtes L. (2021). Assessing the brittle crust thickness from strike-slip fault segments on Earth, Mars and Icy moons. Tectonophysics vol.805, p.228779, - DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228779.
57. Dufresne, A., Zernack, A., Bernard K., Thouret J.C., Roverato, M. (2021). Sedimentology of Volcanic Debris Avalanche Deposits. vol.8, p.1-36, Volcanic Debris Avalanches -From Collapse to Hazard. Herausgeber: Roverato, Matteo, Dufresne, Anja, Procter, Jonathan (Eds.), Springer Nature Switzerland AG, - DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6.
58. Dumont Q., Cayol V., Froger J.L. (2021). Mitigating bias in inversion of InSAR data resulting from radar viewing geometries. Geophysical Journal International vol.227, p.483-495, 1, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggab229 - .
59. Edwards M.J., Eychenne J., Pioli L. (2021). Formation and Dispersal of Ash at Open Conduit Basaltic Volcanoes: Lessons From Etna. Frontiers in Earth Science vol.9, p.709657, - DOI:10.3389/feart.2021.709657 - .
60. Freret-Lorgeril V., Bonadonna C., Corradini S., Donnadieu F., Guerrieri L., Lacanna G., Marzano F.S., Mereu L., Merucci L., Ripepe M., Scollo S., Stelitano D. (2021). Examples of Multi-Sensor Determination of Eruptive Source Parameters of Explosive Events at Mount Etna. Remote Sensing vol.13, p.2097, - DOI:10.3390/rs13112097 - .
61. Fries A., Roche O., Carazzo G. (2021). Granular mixture deflation and generation of porefluid pressureat the impact zone of a pyroclastic fountain: Experimental insights. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.414, p.107226, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107226 - .
62. Gailler L., Labazuy P., Régis E., Bontemps M., Souriot T., Bacques G., Carton B. (2021). Validation of a New UAV Magnetic Prospecting Tool for Volcano Monitoring and Geohazard Assessment. Remote Sensing vol.13, p.894, - DOI:10.3390/rs13050894 - .
63. Georgeais G., Koga K., Moussallam Y., Rose-Koga E. (2021). Magma decompression rate calculations with EMBER: A user‐friendly software to model diffusion of H2O, CO2 and S in melt embayments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems - DOI:10.1029/2020GC009542 - .
64. Gueugneau V., Charbonnier S., Esposti Ongaro T., de ’ Michieli Vitturi M., Peruzzetto M., Mangeney A., Bouchut F., Patra A., Kelfoun K. (2021). Synthetic benchmarking of concentrated pyroclastic current models. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.83, 75, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-021-01491-y - .
65. Guilbaud M.N., del Pilar Ortega-Larrocea M., Cram S., Van Wyk De Vries B. (2021). Xitle Volcano Geoheritage, Mexico City: Raising Awareness of Natural Hazards and Environmental Sustainability in Active Volcanic Areas. Geoheritage vol.13, 6, - DOI:10.1007/s12371-020-00525-9 - .
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136. Navarrete W.F., Le Pennec J.L., Solano S., Liorzou C., Ruiz G.A. (2020). A first reconstruction of the evolution of Cubilche Volcanic Complex, Imbabura Province, Ecuador. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.406, p.107023, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107023.
137. Pailot-Bonnetat S., Harris A., Calvari S., De Michele M., Gurioli L. (2020). Plume Height Time-Series Retrieval Using Shadow in Single Spatial Resolution Satellite Images. Remote Sensing vol.12, p.3951, - DOI:10.3390/rs12233951 - .
138. Paris A., Heinrich P., Paris R., Abadie S. (2020). The December 22, 2018 Anak Krakatau, Indonesia, Landslide and Tsunami: Preliminary Modeling Results. Pure and Applied Geophysics vol.571-590, - DOI:10.1007/s00024-019-02394-y - .
139. Paris R. (2020). Mega-tsunami deposits related to ocean island flank collapses and asteroid impacts. In: Engel, M., Pilarczyk, J., May, S.M., Brill, D., Garrett, E. (Eds.), Geological records of tsunamis and other extreme waves, Elsevier (ed.).
140. Paris R. (2020). X-ray tomography applied to tsunami deposits. In: Engel, M., Pilarczyk, J., May, S.M., Brill, D., Garrett, E. (Eds.), Geological records of tsunamis and other extreme waves, Elsevier (ed.).
141. Paris R., Falvard S., Chagué C., Goff J., Etienne S., Doumalin P. (2020). Sedimentary fabric characterized by X‐ray tomography: A case‐study from tsunami deposits on the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. Sedimentology vol.67, p.1207-1229, - DOI:10.1111/sed.12582 - .
142. Paris R., Goto K., Goff J., Yanagisawa H. (2020). Advances in the study of mega-tsunamis in the geological record. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.210, p.103381, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103381 - .
143. Prival J.M., Thouret J.C., Japura S., Gurioli L., Bonadonna C., Mariño J., Cueva K. (2020). New insights into eruption source parameters of the 1600 CEHuaynaputina Plinian eruption, Peru. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.82, 7, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1340-7 - .
144. Rivera M., Samaniego P., Vela J., Le Pennec J.L., Guillou H., Paquette J.L., Liorzou C. (2020). The eruptive chronology of the Yucamane-Calientes compound volcano: A potentially active edifice of the Central Andes (southern Peru). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.393, p.106787, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106787 - .
145. Sainlot N., Vlastélic I., Moune S., Rose-Koga E., Schiavi F., Valade S., Aguilera F. (2020). Uptake of gaseous thallium, tellurium, vanadium and molybdenum into anhydrous alum, Lascar volcano fumaroles, Chile. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta vol.275, p.64-82, - DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2020.02.009 - .
146. Sainlot N., Vlastélic I., Nauret F., Moune S., Aguilera F. (2020). Sr–Pb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust. Journal of South American Earth Sciences vol.101, p.102599, - DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102599 - .
147. Sigmarsson O., Moune S., Gauthier P.J. (2020). Fractional degassing of S, Cl and F from basalt magma in the Bárðarbunga rift zone, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.82, p.54, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-020-01391-7 - .
148. Simon F.-X., Pareilh-Peyrou M., Buvat S., Mayoral A., Labazuy P., Kelfoun K., Tabbagh A. (2020). Quantifying multiple electromagnetic properties in EMI surveys: A case study of hydromorphic soils in a volcanic context – The Lac du Puy (France). A définir vol.361, p.114084, - DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114084 - .
149. Tadini A., Roche O., Samaniego P., Guillin A., Azzaoui N., Gouhier M., de’ Michieli Vitturi M., Pardini F., Eychenne J., Bernard B., Hidalgo S., Le Pennec J.L. (2020). Quantifying the uncertainty of a coupled plume and tephra dispersal model: PLUME-MOM/HYSPLIT simulations applied to Andean volcanoes. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth - DOI:10.1029/2019JB018390 - .
150. Thivet S., Gurioli L., Di Muro A. (2020). Basaltic dyke eruptions at Piton de La Fournaise: characterization of the eruptive products with implications for reservoir conditions, conduit processes and eruptive dynamics. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology vol.175, p.26, - DOI:10.1007/s00410-020-1664-5 - .
151. Thivet S., Gurioli L., Di Muro A., Derrien A., Ferrazzini V., Gouhier M., Coppola D., Galle B., Arellano S. (2020). Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing MagmaFragmentation During the September 2016 basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems - DOI:10.1029/2019GC008611 - .
152. Thivet S., Gurioli L., Di Muro A., Eychenne J., Besson P., Nedelec J.M. (2020). Variability of ash deposits at Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island): insights into fragmentation processes at basaltic shield volcanoes. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.82, 63, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-020-01398-0 - .
153. Thouret J.C., Antoinr S., Magill C., Ollier C. (2020). Lahars and debris flows: Characteristics and impacts. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.201, p.103003, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103003.
154. Van den Wildenberg S., Jia X., Roche O. (2020). Acoustic probing of the particle concentration in turbulent granular suspensions in air. Nature Scientific Reports vol.10, p.16544, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-73427-z - .
155. Venugopal S., Moune S., Williams-Jones G., Druitt T., Vigouroux N., Wilson A., Russel J.K. (2020). Two distinct mantle sources beneath the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt: Insight from olivine-hosted melt inclusions. Chemical Geology vol.532, p.119346, - DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119346.
156. Venugopal S., Schiavi F., Moune S., Bolfan-Casanova N., Druitt T., Williams-Jones G. (2020). Melt inclusion vapour bubbles: the hidden reservoir for major and volatile elements. Scientific Report vol.10, p.9034, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-65226-3 - .
157. Vereb V., Van Wyk De Vries B., Guilbaud M.N., Karatson D. (2020). The urban geoheritage of Clermont-Ferrand: from inventory to management. Quaestiones Geographicae vol.39, p.5-31, 3, - DOI:10.2478/quageo-2020-0020 - .
158. Vereb V., Van Wyk De Vries B., Hgao M., Karátson D. (2020). Geoheritage and Resilience of Dallol and the Northern Danakil Depression in Ethiopia. Geoheritage - DOI:10.1007/s12371-020-00499-8 - .
159. Bablon M., Quidelleur X., Samaniego P., Le Pennec J.L., Audin L., Jomard H., Blaize S., Liorzou C., Hidalgo S., Alvarado A. (2019). Interactions between volcanism and geodynamics in the southern termination of the Ecuadorian arc. Tectonophysics vol.751, p.54-72, - DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.12.010.
160. Barnoud A., Cayol V., Niess V., Cârloganu C., Lelièvre P., Labazuy P., Le Menedeu E. (2019). Bayesian joint muographic and gravimetric inversion applied to volcanoes. Geophysical Journal International vol.218, p.2179-2194, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggz300.
161. Battaglia J., Hidalgo S., Bernard B., Steel A., Arellano S., Acuna K. (2019). Autopsy of an eruptive phase of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) through coupling of seismo-acoustic and SO2 recordings with ash characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.511, p.223-232, 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.042 (ed.).
162. Bernard K., Van Wyk De Vries B., Thouret J.C. (2019). Fault textures in volcanic debris-avalanche deposits and transformations into lahars: The Pichu Pichu thrust lobes in south Peru compared to worldwide avalanche deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.371, p.116-136, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.008.
163. Breard E.C.P., Dufek J., Roche O. (2019). Continuum Modeling of Pressure‐Balanced and FluidizedGranular Flows in 2‐D: Comparison With Glass BeadExperiments and Implications for ConcentratedPyroclastic Density Currents. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth vol.124, p.5557-5583, - DOI:10.1029/2018JB016874 - .
164. Bromley G.R.M., Thouret J.C., Schimmelpfennig I., Mariño J., Valdivia D., Rademaker K., del Pilar Vivanco Lopez S., ASTER Team, Aumaître G., Bourlès D., Keddadouche K. (2019). In situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl and radiocarbon dating of volcanic deposits refine the Pleistocene and Holocene eruption chronology of SW Peru. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, 64, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1325-6.
165. Chevrel O., Harris A., Ajas A., Biren J., Gurioli L., Calabrò L. (2019). Investigating physical and thermal interactions between lava and trees: the case of Kīlauea’s July 1974 flow. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.6, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-018-1263-8.
166. Chevrel O., Pinkerton H., Harris A. (2019). Measuring the viscosity of lava in thefield: A review. Earth Sciences Reviews vol.196, - DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.024.
167. Costard F., Séjourné A., Lagain A., Ormö J., Rodriguez J.A.P., Clifford F., Bouley F., Kelfoun K., Lavigne F. (2019). The Lomonosov Crater Impact Event: A Possible Mega‐Tsunami Source on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets vol.124, p.1840-1851, 7, - DOI:10.1029/2019JE006008.
168. Cox R., Ardhuin F., Dias F., Autret R., Beisigel N., Earlie C.S., Herterich J.G., Kennedy A., Paris R., Raby A., Schmitt P., Weiss R. (2019). Systematic review shows that work done by storm waves can be misinterpreted as tsunami-related because commonly used hydrodynamic equations are flawed. Frontiers in Marine Science vol.7, 4.
169. Druitt T., McCoy F.W., Vougioukalakis E. (2019). The Late Bronze Age Eruption of Santorini Volcano and Its Impact on the Ancient Mediterranean World. Elements vol.15, p.185-190, - DOI:10.2138/gselements.15.3.185.
170. Druitt T., Pyle D.M., Mather T. A. (2019). Santorini Volcano and its Plumbing System. Elements vol.15, p.177-184, - DOI:10.2138/gselements.15.3.177.
171. Druitt T., Vougioukalakis G.E. (2019). South Aegean Volcanic Arc. Elements vol.15, p.74 p., 3.
172. Elahpour E., Nauret F., Médard E., Benbakkar M., Quéinnec G., Van Wyk De Vries B. (2019). The Petrogenesis and Geochemistry of Tabas Black Land volcanic field: implications for volcanic activity along the Nayband fault, East Iran. Volcanica vol.2, p.105-127, 2, - DOI:10.30909/vol.02.02.105127.
173. Freret-Lorgeril V., Donnadieu F., Eychenne J., Soriaux C., Latchimy T. (2019). In situ terminal settling velocity measurements at Stromboli volcano: Input from physical characterization of ash. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.374, p.62-79, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.02.005.
174. Gailler L., Kauahikaua J. (2019). Gravity signature of basaltic fill in Kīlauea caldera, Island of Hawai‘i. In : Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, - DOI:10.1130/2018.2538(13).
175. Gailler L., Kauahikaua J., Lénat J.F., Revil A., Gresse M., Ahmed A.S., Cluzel N., Manthilake G., Gurioli L., Johnson T., Finizola A., Delcher E. (2019). 3D electrical conductivity imaging of Halema‘uma‘u lava lake(Kīlauea volcano). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.381, p.185-192, - DOI:10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.06.001.
176. Gouhier M., Eychenne J., Azzaoui N., Guillin A., Deslandes M., Poret M., Costa A., Husson P. (2019). Low efficiency of large volcanic eruptions in transporting very fine ash into the atmosphere. Scientific Report vol.9, p.1449, - DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-38595-7 1.
177. Gouhier M., Paris R. (2019). SO2 and tephra emissions during the December 22, 2018Anak Krakatau flank-collapse eruption. Volcanica vol.2, p.91-103, 2, - DOI:10.30909/vol.02.02.91103.
178. Gourgaud A., Boivin P. (2019). Le phréatomagmatisme dans le Massif central français. vol.Mémoire n°8, p.95-104, in : Histoire de la découverte géologique du Massif central français.
179. Gueugneau V., Kelfoun K., Druitt T. (2019). Investigation of surge-derived pyroclastic flow formation by numerical modelling of the 25 June 1997 dome collapse at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.25, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1284-y.
180. Harris A., Chevrel O., Coppola D., Ramsey M.S., Hrysiewicz A., Thivet S., Villeneuve N., Favalli M., Peltier A., Kowalski P., Di Muro A., Froger J.L., Gurioli L. (2019). Validation of an integrated satellite-data-driven response to an effusive crisis: the April–May 2018 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise. Annals of Geophysics vol.61, - DOI:10.4401/ag-7972.
181. Laumonier M., Karakas O., Bachmann O., Gaillard F., Lukács R., Seghedi L., Menand T., Harangi S. (2019). Evidence for a persistent magma reservoir with large melt content beneath an apparently extinct volcano. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.521, p.79-90, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.004.
182. Lelièvre P.G., Barnoud A., Niess V., Cârloganu C., Cayol V., Farquharson C.G. (2019). Joint inversion methods with relative density offset correction for muon tomography and gravity data, with application to volcano imaging. Geophysical Journal International vol.218, p.1685-1701, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggz251.
183. Lévy L., Maurya P.K., Byrdina S., Vandemeulebrouck J., Sigmundsson F., Árnason K., Ricci T., Deldicque D., Roger M., Gibert B., Labazuy P. (2019). Electrical resistivity tomography and time-domain induced polarization field investigations of geothermal areas at Krafla, Iceland: comparison to borehole and laboratory frequency-domain electrical observations. Geophysical Journal International vol.218, p.1469-1489, 3, - DOI:10.1093/gji/ggz240.
184. Maccaferri F., Smittarello D., Pinel V., Cayol V. (2019). On the Propagation Path of Magma Filled Dikes and Hydrofractures: The Competition Between External Stress, Internal Pressure, and Crack Length. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems vol.20, p.2064-2081, - DOI:10.1029/2018GC007915.
185. Mannini S., Harris A., Jessop D., Chevrel O., Ramsey M.S. (2019). Combining ground- and ASTER-based thermal measurements to constrain fumarole field heat budgets: The case of Vulcano Fossa 2000-2019. Geophysical Research Letters vol.46, p.1, - DOI:10.1029/2019GL084013.
186. Martin S.S., Linlin L., Okal E., Morin J., Tetteroo A., Switzer A., Sieh K. (2019). Reassessment of the 1907 Sumatra ‘‘Tsunami Earthquake’’ Based on Macroseismic, Seismological, and Tsunami Observations and Modeling. Pure and Applied Geophysics - DOI:10.1007/s00024-019-02134-2.
187. Moussallam Y., Longpré M.A., McCammon C., Gomez-Ulla A., Rose-Koga E., Scaillet B., Peters N., Gennaro E., Paris R., Oppenheimer C. (2019). Mantle plumes are oxidised. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.527, p.115798, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115798 - .
188. Moussallam Y., Oppenheimer C., Scaillet B. (2019). On the relationship between oxidation state and temperature of volcanic gas emissions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol.520, p.260-267, - DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.05.036.
189. Moussallam Y., Rose-Koga E., Koga K., Médard E., Bani P., Devidal J.L., Tari D. (2019). Fast ascent rate during the 2017–2018 Plinian eruption of Ambae (Aoba) volcano: a petrological investigation. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology - DOI:0.1007/s00410-019-1625-z - .
190. Pansino S., Calder E.S., Menand T. (2019). Experimental analysis of bubble-driven magma motionin the conduit, for persistently active, open-vent volcanoes. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.75, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1339-0.
191. Paris R., Ulvrova M. (2019). Tsunamis generated by subaqueous volcanic explosions in Taal Caldera Lake, Philippines. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.14, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1272-2.
192. Paris R., Ulvrova M., Selva J., Brizuela B., Costa A., Grezio A., Lorito S., Tonini R. (2019). Probabilistic hazard analysis for tsunamis generated by subaqueous volcanic explosions in the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.379, p.106-116, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.05.010.
193. Petronis M.S., Van Wyk De Vries B., Garza D. (2019). The leaning Puy de Dôme (Auvergne, France) tilted by shallow intrusions. Volcanica vol.2, p.161-189, 2.
194. Pioli L., Harris A. (2019). Real-Time Geophysical Monitoring of Particle Size Distribution During Volcanic Explosions at Stromboli Volcano (Italy). Frontiers in Earth Science vol.7, p.52, - DOI:10.3389/feart.2019.00052.
195. Poret M., Finizola A., Ricci T., Ricciardi G.P., Linde N., Mauri G., Barde-Cabusson S., Guichet X., Baron L., Shakas A., Gouhier M., Levieux G., Morin J., Roulleau E., Sortino F., VassalloR., Di Vito M.A., Orsi G. (2019). The buried caldera boundary of the Vesuvius 1631 eruption revealed by present-day soil CO2 concentration. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.029.
196. Portal A., Fargier Y., Labazuy P., Lénat J.F., Boivin P., Miallier D. (2019). 3D electrical imaging of the inner structure of a complex lava dome, Puy de Dôme volcano (French Massif Central, France). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.373, p.97-107, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.019.
197. Ramsey M.S., Chevrel O., Coppola D., Harris A. (2019). The Influence of Emissivity on the Thermo- Rheological Modeling of the Channelized Lava Flows at Tolbachik Volcano. Annals of Geophysics vol.62, p.VO222, 2, - DOI:10.4401/ag-8077.
198. Roche O., Carazzo G. (2019). The contribution of experimental volcanology to the study of the physics of eruptive processes, and related scaling issues: A review. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research vol.384, p.103-150, - DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.011.
199. Sahyoun M., Freney E., Brito J., Duplissy J., Gouhier M., Colomb A., Dupuy R., Bourianne T., Nowak J.B., Yan C., Petäjä T., Kulmala M., Schwarzenboeck A., Planche C., Sellegri K. (2019). Evidence of New Particle Formation Within Etna andStromboli Volcanic Plumes and Its ParameterizationFrom Airborne In Situ Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres vol.124, p.5650-5668, - DOI:10,1029/2018JD028882.
200. Smittarello D., Cayol V., Pinel V., Froger J.L., Peltier A., Dumont Q. (2019). Combining InSAR and GNSS to Track Magma Transport at Basaltic Volcanoes. Remote Sensing vol.11, p.2236, - DOI:10.3390/rs11192236.
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202. Soria-Hoyo C., Valverde J.M., Roche O. (2019). A laboratory-scale study on the role of mechanical vibrations in pore pressure generation in pyroclastic materials: implications for pyroclastic flows. Bulletin of Volcanology vol.81, p.12, - DOI:10.1007/s00445-019-1271-3.
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The answers to these questions were elaborated in response to questions from students by several researchers of the laboratory, Luca Teray, Raphael Paris, Karim Kelfoun and Valérie Cayol. If these answers do not answer your questions, please contact Valérie Cayol (valerie.cayol@uca.fr) or Karim Kelfoun (karim.kelfoun@uca.fr).

Questions :

• What exactly is the name of your job?

• In which professional sector is this job located?

• Who is your employer?

• Where is your workplace located?

• What is your working rhythm?

• Why did you choose this profession?

• What is the purpose of your job?

• What needs do you meet by doing this job?

• Can you describe concretely the activities you often do, so that I can get a picture of your daily work?

• Tell me about a typical day at work.

• What other professionals do you work with? (working alone / in a team / partners…)

• What qualities are essential for your job?

• Tell me about the positive aspects of your job

• Tell me the negative points about your job

• Does a volcanologist go near active volcanoes to study them?

• If you ever have to go out into the field, what are the first difficulties you will encounter on these excursions?

• What diploma or training do you need today to do your job?

Anwsers :

What exactly is the name of your job?

In practice, the name of our profession is researcher, teacher-researcher, professor or physicist. You can also be a doctoral student or a post-doctoral researcher, but these positions correspond to fixed-term contracts. Our object of study is volcanoes. We are researchers in volcanology. You can also say volcanologist or vulcanologist of course.

In which professional sector is this job located?

The civil service.

Who is your employer?

The Magmas and Volcanoes Laboratory’s researchers have a variety of employers. They are the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) or the Institut de Recherches et Développement (IRD).

Where is your workplace located?

The researchers have offices at the university but they are also required to carry out laboratory analyses and measurement campaigns on land sometimes located on other continents. The research laboratory to which we are attached is a joint research unit, which means that it associates CNRS researchers and a university. The IRD is also associated with the laboratory.

What is your working rhythm?

Researchers work 35 hours a week and are entitled to 9 weeks of holiday. But researchers are generally passionate about their work. It is also a competitive profession, so researchers do not count their hours. In practice, researchers work 50 hours a week and it is not uncommon for them to take less than 5 weeks’ holiday a year.

Why did you choose this profession?

Because it’s a job that allows you to satisfy your curiosity. The approach is very satisfying because it generally consists of going back and forth between field observations, laboratory observations and simulations. In addition, you have relative freedom in the choice of research areas, approaches and timetables.

What is the purpose of your job?

See for example the video presentation of the volcanology team https://lmv.uca.fr/recherche/volcanologie/ .

At the Magmas and Volcanoes Laboratory, we seek to understand volcanism from its source in the Earth’s mantle to the emission of volcanic products into the atmosphere. The questions we ask are: why do volcanoes erupt, what are the precursors of an eruption, what type of activity will occur, how does this activity evolve, what is its impact on human activities (aviation, agriculture, health, etc.), plants, animals and the climate ? In addition to the hazards immediately linked to volcanic activity (lava flows, mudflows, pyroclastic flows, explosions, volcanic bombs and ash, tsunamis), volcanoes release greenhouse gases (CO2), acid gases (SO2) and ash, which have an impact on the climate and populations.

What needs do you meet by doing this job?

A need to understand the world around us. Some of our research also allows us to better assess the risks associated with volcanism. We also participate in the transmission of knowledge to society through teaching at the university and our exchanges with the media (newspapers, television, radio, cinema, festivals).

Can you describe in concrete terms the activities you often do, so that I can get a picture of your daily work?

To carry out our research we combine field observations (with in situ or remote measuring devices, with drones or satellites), laboratory observations (physico-chemical analysis of volcanic products, physical experiments), and models, whether carried out by laboratory experiments or on computers. The purpose of these models is to better understand the physical processes that govern the observed behaviour. Because nature is complex, problems are simplified to study particular parameters. But, like many people, we spend most of our time in front of a computer, as we not only have to process data, but also to set up projects to obtain funding, to write reports and publications, to prepare conferences, to discuss by e-mail or video conference with other colleagues, and to this add some administrative work.

Tell me about a typical day at work

Researchers spend time supervising students, writing projects, administering their own and other people’s research, reading and writing articles, preparing conferences and of course doing their research (analysis of data sets, laboratory analyses, modelling, etc.).

What other professionals do you work with? (working alone / in teams / partners…)

Each of us, is a specialist in a specific field (lava flows, volcanic earthquakes, tsunamis, gases, etc.). To better understand volcanism and its impact, we need to work with other researchers with complementary specialities, either in the laboratory or in other laboratories: mathematicians, computer scientists, physicists, doctors, etc. As our studies involve observations of volcanoes, we collaborate with volcanological observatories located on the national territory (in Reunion Island, Guadeloupe or Martinique) or abroad. We also sometimes collaborate with professionals in the private sector for research related to geomaterials, hydrology, geothermal energy or natural hazards.

What are the qualities needed to do your job?

You have to be curious and passionate, have a good physical sense, and be academically excellent. You have to be very independent and have your own questions, while being able to work in a team. You also need to be able to communicate orally at conferences and in writing through articles that will be published in English in scientific journals. It is nowadays necessary to be fluent in English.

Tell me about the positive aspects of your job

It is a job that feeds our questions about the world around us. The possibility of satisfying our curiosity is a great source of satisfaction for many researchers.

We have a great deal of freedom: freedom to choose our research topics insofar as these topics allow us to obtain funding, freedom to choose with whom we want to work, and relative freedom of schedule. All this is possible provided that we produce knowledge through articles published in scientific journals and communications at conferences.

It is also a profession that allows you to be at the crossroads of many scientific disciplines (geology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, computer science, geography, economics, sociology, etc.), which is very enriching, and which gives you the opportunity to travel and meet people from different cultures.

In addition to their research, teacher-researchers also teach, both at Licence level (the first three years of study after the baccalaureate) and at Master level (fourth and fifth years of study after the baccalaureate). The researchers and teacher-researchers also supervise doctoral students (three years of research after a Master’s degree). We are thus in constant contact with students, teaching, questioning and being questioned.

Tell me about the negative aspects of your job

It’s hard to set limits on what you want to do and can do. We often bring work home with us and it is sometimes difficult to “disconnect” from work. It’s a passionate job that has the defects of its qualities. Researchers’ salaries are not particularly high and differ little according to their rank and responsibilities. Opportunities for promotion are limited. In short, you don’t do this job for the money. For example, a researcher with ten years’ seniority earns barely 2500 euros net per month.

Does a volcanologist go near active volcanoes to study them?

The image of the volcanologist is, in the collective imagination, attached to that of an adventurer in a reflective suit taking measurements just a few metres from the molten lava, or descending into a smoking crater! This vision comes largely from the documentaries and books of Haroun Tazieff and Katia and Maurice Kraft, which were made in the second half of the 20th century. However, it no longer really corresponds to the reality of a volcanologist’s work. Nowadays, it is possible to monitor volcanoes remotely, using satellites, drones or stations installed on volcanoes that transmit their measurements to the other side of the world. Volcanologists are no longer the backpackers of the 1970s. Many researchers also study volcanoes in the laboratory or digitally, which does not require them to go into the field. However, it will always be necessary to go close to active volcanoes to understand them better. Some of the activities of today’s volcanologist in the field that will not disappear soon include:

• installing and maintaining measuring stations (seismometers, gnss, cameras, gas analysers, etc.) on volcanoes
• collecting samples (rocks, ash, lava, gas) to be analysed in the laboratory to better understand recent and old eruptions
• testing new measurement and observation techniques currently being developed in the laboratory and which will become part of the volcanologists’ toolbox in the future (the most emblematic example is the application of drones for volcanology)
• carrying out surveys (cartographic but also geographical and sociological) in volcanic regions to assess vulnerability to volcanic hazards and the resulting risk

Finally, it should be noted that some of these activities sometimes require visits to very active areas (e.g. lava flows, crater lip or fumarole fields), although this is becoming increasingly rare. These operations are of course carried out after an extremely rigorous risk assessment and with equipment specially designed to protect against possible dangers.

If you ever have to go into the field, what are the first difficulties you will encounter on these excursions?

Volcanic terrains are very diverse, they can be located on every continent with all the varieties of political regimes that this implies, they can be at sea level in Hawaii to almost 7000m in the Andes (not to mention submarine volcanoes), it can be over 40°C in the Afar region of Ethiopia, as well as -20°C on Erebus in Antarctica. They can be located within minutes of a large city (e.g. Vesuvius and Naples) or hundreds of kilometres from any inhabited area (e.g. some volcanoes in the Aleutian Islands). The volcano may be inactive or erupting. In short, you can expect anything! This is why all missions must be carefully prepared, from the scientific point of view (work programme and contingency plans), the natural point of view (weather, activity) and the logistical point of view (accommodation, transport, food, health), without neglecting the administrative aspects (authorisations, customs) which can prove decisive. In short, a well-prepared mission is often a successful mission (whatever the conditions), and the most difficult thing is to be well prepared, which can be learned from experience.

What is the diploma or training required today to practice your profession?

You need a doctorate (bachelor’s degree + 8 years of study), and in general you need to have completed one or more post-doctorates (research contracts), often abroad. You must have an exemplary academic record and have demonstrated that you conduct independent research leading to publications in reputable international journals. Typically, the CNRS hires 5 researchers in earth sciences per year for the whole country. In 2020, there are 80 candidates for these 5 positions. The last researchers hired by the CNRS in the Volcanology team of the Magmas and Volcanoes Laboratory were hired in 2006 and 2020. As far as other types of positions are concerned, the Volcanology team has hired 1 professor, 2 lecturers, 2 physicists and 3 researchers attached to the IRD over the last ten years. It is therefore a very competitive profession. Competition continues to obtain funding to carry out our projects (about 10% of the projects submitted to the National Research Agency are subsidised). To face up to this competition, and to persevere despite the difficulties that may arise, you need to be highly motivated.

The volcanoes we study

Understanding volcanism requires the acquisition of field data: visible and thermal imagery, geophysical campaigns, gas, rock and ash sampling for petrological and geochemical analyses, mapping of deposits and destruction, etc.

Our targets depend on the current activity, research themes and our collaborations with French laboratories and observatories, as well as partner countries.

Soufrière de Guadeloupe

Piton de la Fournaise volcano

Italian volcanoes

Indonesian volcanoes

Andean volcanism

African volcanoes